Molecular organization of lignin during carbonization

Davé, Vipul; Prasad, Abaneshwar; Marand, Herve; Glasser, Wolfgang G.

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(93)90382-k

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Presence of liquid crystallinity, i.e., molecular orientation of the material may also have an impact on the thermal behavior of fibers. By using lignin model compounds, it has been shown that liquid crystal (LC) formation during heating in inert atmosphere is less pronounced for models having ether linkages while carbon–carbon linkages promote LC formation 30. This is in line with the suggested reaction showed in Figure 3.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

A new method for stabilizing softwood kraft lignin fibers for carbon fiber production

Norberg¹,

Nordström²,

Drougge³

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

187

154

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Renewable resources, such as kraft lignin, have shown great potential as precursors for carbon fiber production. This manuscript reports an investigation into the stabilization of softwood kraft lignin (SKL) fibers and the determination of the difference in stabilization between hardwood‐ and softwood‐based kraft lignin fibers. The stabilization was achieved either thermally by using only heat or oxidatively in the presence of air, at various heating rates. A heating rate of 4°C min−1 and a holding time of 30 min at 250°C were successfully used for the thermal stabilization experiments. Faster stabilization was achieved using oxidative conditions at a heating rate of 15°C min−1 and 30 min holding time at 250°C. Furthermore, stabilization and carbonization in a one‐step process was performed on SKL fibers, which show great potential to reduce both production time and costs. The stabilized and carbonized fibers were evaluated using thermal, spectroscopic, and microscopic methods. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

A new method for stabilizing softwood kraft lignin fibers for carbon fiber production

Norberg¹,

Nordström²,

Drougge³

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

187

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…8c and d). Similar results have been obtained by other authors during the carbonization of lignin and its derivatives [14,20,21]. This fused stage did not occur during the pyrolysis of SD-0, because in this case only small discrete particles (irregular in shape) are observed ( Fig.…”

Section: Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy Studiessupporting

confidence: 91%

Improvement of the thermal stability of lignocellulosic materials by treatment with sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide

Álvarez

Blanco

Santamarı́a

et al. 2004

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…Taken together, the results from Raman spectroscopy illustrate very clear differences between the carbonization of PAN and Kraft lignin in the temperature range 600–1000 °C, as might be expected due to their very different chemical structures . There also appeared to be some differences between the NBF and BF materials.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Preparation and Characterization of Interconnected, Kraft Lignin‐Based Carbon Fibrous Materials by Electrospinning

Dallmeyer

Lin

et al. 2013

Macro Materials & Eng

136

139

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Inter‐connected carbon sub‐µm fibrous materials are prepared by electrospinning of Kraft lignin solutions in DMF followed by thermal treatment consisting of oxidative thermostabilization at 250 °C and carbonization in the temperature range 600–1000 °C. Inter‐fiber bonding is achieved by taking advantages of the intrinsic differences in thermal mobility between different Kraft lignin fractions. Inter‐fiber bonding is observed to enhance the mechanical properties of both the thermostabilized and carbonized materials and enhances the electrical conductivity of the carbonized materials. The surface area, morphological, and structural characteristics are also characterized by the BET method, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, respectively.

show abstract

Molecular organization of lignin during carbonization

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

A new method for stabilizing softwood kraft lignin fibers for carbon fiber production

A new method for stabilizing softwood kraft lignin fibers for carbon fiber production

Improvement of the thermal stability of lignocellulosic materials by treatment with sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide

Preparation and Characterization of Interconnected, Kraft Lignin‐Based Carbon Fibrous Materials by Electrospinning

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