Molecular Osteology

White, Tim D.; Black, Michael T.; Folkens, Pieter A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374134-9.50022-2

Cited by 269 publications

(439 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The combined application of all these methods yielded reliable results. For adults, conventional morphological and metric methods for skull, hip, and long bones were applied both to determine sex and to estimate age-at-death (Bass, 1987;White and Folkens, 1991;Buikstra and Ubelaker, 1994;Brickley and McKinley, 2004;Latham and Finnegan, 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in oral pathology of hunter-gatherers from Western Pampas, Argentina

Luna

Aranda

2014

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Oral health analysis is one of the principal bioarchaeological lines of investigation to evaluate the interaction between the dynamics of human communities in the past, their environment, and their social structure. These studies represent a relatively recent development in the study of native huntergatherers in Argentina. This paper focuses on oral pathology as a contribution to the understanding of the lifestyle diversity of these populations. A sample of human remains from the Chenque I site (Western Pampas, Central Argentina) was studied in order to identify differential patterns by sex, age-at-death, and location of the tooth in the arch. Six variables, considering both teeth and the alveolar tissue, were examined: caries, calculus, wear, periapical lesions, periodontal disease, and antemortem tooth loss. The results indicate that oral health deteriorated more in females. Some divergent patterns were also identified when compared with other contemporary bioarchaeological samples in the region. Both aspects are interpreted in the context of previous proposals that consider the characteristics of hunter-gatherers dynamics just before the Spanish conquest.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in oral pathology of hunter-gatherers from Western Pampas, Argentina

Luna

Aranda

2014

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“…The femur is the heaviest and strongest bone in the skeleton; as such, it is frequently recovered in forensic and archeological contexts [5,6]. It is also dimorphic within the same population [5], and very useful in sexing skeletal remains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also dimorphic within the same population [5], and very useful in sexing skeletal remains. Several dimensions of the femur, including femoral head diameter, femoral length, and bicondylar breadth have been utilized for the allocation of sex in unknown skeletal individuals [1,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for sex estimation using the proximal femur

Curate

Coelho

Gonçalves

et al. 2016

Forensic Science International

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The assessment of sex is crucial to the establishment of a biological profile of an unidentified skeletal individual. The best methods currently available for the sexual diagnosis of human skeletal remains generally rely on the presence of well-preserved pelvic bones, which is not always the case. Postcranial elements, including the femur, have been used to accurately estimate sex in skeletal remains from forensic and bioarcheological settings. In this study, we present an approach to estimate sex using two measurements (femoral neck width [FNW] and femoral neck axis length [FNAL]) of the proximal femur. FNW and FNAL were obtained in a training sample (114 females and 138 males) from the Luís Lopes Collection (National History Museum of Lisbon). Logistic regression was used to develop a model to predict sex in unknown individuals. The logistic regression model correctly predicted sex in 85.3% to 85.7% of the cases. The model was also evaluated in a test sample (96 females and 96 males) from the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection (University of Coimbra), resulting in a sex allocation accuracy of 80.1% to 86.2%. This study supports the relative value of the proximal femur to estimate sex in skeletal remains, especially when other exceedingly dimorphic skeletal elements are not accessible for analysis.

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“…In our analysis of sex-based and age-related differences in degenerative changes, we determined the age and sex of the individuals from which the skeletal materials were derived. Sex was estimated by standard methods, such as pelvic and cranial morphology (White, 2000). Age was also estimated by standard methods using auricular surfaces (Nagaoka et al, 2006), sutural closure, and dental attrition (White, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sex was estimated by standard methods, such as pelvic and cranial morphology (White, 2000). Age was also estimated by standard methods using auricular surfaces (Nagaoka et al, 2006), sutural closure, and dental attrition (White, 2000). Because the age distribution of the Kamakura people is different to those of the other peoples owing to their relatively short life expectancy (Nagaoka et al, 2006), we interpreted their prevalence rates carefully.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degenerative changes of the spine in people from prehistoric Okhotsk culture and two ancient human groups from Kanto and Okinawa, Japan

Shimoda

Nagaoka

Moromizato

et al. 2012

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Degenerative changes of the spine in people of the Okhotsk culture were investigated in adult human skeletal remains from 38 males and 34 females. These findings were then compared with those in materials obtained from the medieval Kamakura period and early-modern peasants on Kumejima, Ryukyu Islands. The three samples clearly showed different patterns. In the Okhotsk series, the cervical spine of each sex had most osteophytes on the vertebral body, while the Kumejima samples had the highest frequency on the lumbar vertebrae. In the Kamakura series, males were most affected on the lower thoracic vertebrae. Moreover, severe osteophytes on the body of the lumbar vertebrae were more frequently seen in the Okhotsk males. Degenerative changes of the articular process of the Okhotsk series were most frequently seen in the lumbar vertebrae and least frequently seen in the cervical vertebrae. This is well contrasted with a high frequency of degenerative changes of cervical apophyseal joint in early-modern Kumejima peasants. The Kamakura series of each sex had generally low frequencies. Severe degenerative changes of apophyseal joint dominantly affected the Okhotsk series. It is inferred that different dynamic loads caused a high frequency of degenerative changes in the corresponding articular parts. For example, because the Okhotsk culture developed a considerable maritime infrastructure, the lifestyle required for sea-mammal hunting and fishing seems to have particularly affected the incidence of severe degenerative changes of the lumbar vertebrae.

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Molecular Osteology

Cited by 269 publications

References 12 publications

Trends in oral pathology of hunter-gatherers from Western Pampas, Argentina

Trends in oral pathology of hunter-gatherers from Western Pampas, Argentina

A method for sex estimation using the proximal femur

Degenerative changes of the spine in people from prehistoric Okhotsk culture and two ancient human groups from Kanto and Okinawa, Japan

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