Molecular Pathways of Rosmarinic Acid Anticancer Activity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells: A Literature Review

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in women. Oncogenic transcription factors promote the overproduction of cellular adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines during cancer development. Cancer cells exhibit significant upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins, resulting in increased cell survival, tumor growth, and metastasis. Research on the cell cycle-mediated apoptosis pathway for drug discovery and therapy has shown promising results. In fact, dietary phytoconstituents have been extensively researched for anticancer activity, providing indirect protection by activating endogenous defense systems. The role of polyphenols in key cancer signaling pathways could shed light on the underlying mechanisms of action. For instance, Rosmarinic Acid, a polyphenol constituent of many culinary herbs, has shown potent chemoprotective properties. In this review, we present recent progress in the investigation of natural products as potent anticancer agents, with a focus on the effect of Rosmarinic Acid on triple-negative BC cell lines resistant to hormone therapy. We highlight a variety of integrated chemical biology approaches aimed at utilizing relevant mechanisms of action that could lead to significant clinical advances in BC treatment.

Exploring the Pharmacological Potential of Lithospermum officinale L.: A Review of Phytochemicals and Ethnomedicinal Uses

“…In additi lipids exhibit anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and cardiovascular protective effects [4 These compounds, found abundantly in nature, offer a promising avenue for development of novel therapeutics. allantoin [48] antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory [49 wound healing [50], keratolytic [51] lithosenine [52] -acetyllithosenine [52] Molecules 2024, 29, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 o acetyllithosenine [52] lycopsamine [53] toxic and potentially carcinogenic due to i hepatotoxicity [54] echimidine [53] toxic and potentially carcinogenic due to i hepatotoxicity [54] lycopsamine [53] Molecules 2024, 29, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 o acetyllithosenine [52] lycopsamine [53] toxic and potentially carcinogenic due to i hepatotoxicity [54] echimidine [53] toxic and potentially carcinogenic due to i hepatotoxicity [54] toxic and potentially carcinogenic due to its hepatotoxicity [54] echimidine [53] acetyllithosenine [52] lycopsamine [53] toxic and potentially carcinogenic due to it hepatotoxicity [54] echimidine [53] toxic and potentially carcinogenic due to it hepatotoxicity [54] Quinones (naphthoquinones) alkannin [55] anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxida wound healing, anticancer [56] shikonin [57] anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobi wound healing, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiallergic [58][59][60] Phenolics (phenolic acids) rosmarinic acid [48,61,62] anticancer [63], anti-inflammation, antioxidation, antidiabetes, antivirus, antitumor, neuroprotection, hepatoprotecti [64] toxic and potentially carcinogenic due to its hepatotoxicity…”

“…Moreover, rosmarinic acid blocks FOXOM1 transcription factors, upregulates pro-apoptotic genes, and exhibits antitumorigenic actions in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Furthermore, it has reduced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by inducing G1/S cycle arrest and inhibiting Gli translocation in a mouse model of PDAC [63,64,85].…”