Molecular Pharmacology of Rosmarinic and Salvianolic Acids: Potential Seeds for Alzheimer’s and Vascular Dementia Drugs

Habtemariam, Solomon

doi:10.3390/ijms19020458

Cited by 80 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(228 reference statements)

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“…According to the authors' data [38], lithospermic acid B makes up 1.0%-9.7% of polyphenol content. It was reported that this compound was an efficient free-radical scavenger that could be used to treat cardiovascular diseases and play a beneficial role in Alzheimer's treatment [49,50]. The presence of didehydrosalvianolic acid B in peppermint leaf was reported previously by Krzyzanowska and co-workers [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Analysis of Polyphenolic Composition of a Herbal Medicinal Product—Peppermint Tincture

et al. 2019

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The pharmacological activity of peppermint leaf (Menthae piperitae folium) for medical use is mainly attributed to the presence of essential oil, which, according to the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.), should constitute not less than 12 mL/kg of raw material. The content of polyphenols in peppermint-based preparations, except peppermint leaf dry extract, has not yet been considered as an essential parameter in the pharmacopeial assessment of peppermint quality. This study concerns the evaluation of the presence of representatives of polyphenolic compounds in 23 commercial peppermint tinctures (ethanolic extracts) purchased in pharmacies in Poland. The non-volatile polyphenolic fraction was investigated, and the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids was quantified. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) and an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (U(H)PLC-ESI-MS) were used in the experiment. The study showed that eriocitrin, luteolin-7-O-rutinoside, and rosmarinic acid were the main polyphenolic components of the peppermint tinctures, as previously reported for peppermint leaf. Despite this, the research shows the extremely diverse content of the mentioned compounds in analyzed commercial medicinal products. In light of these results, it seems that the pharmacopeial assessment for the peppermint leaf (Ph. Eur.) and peppermint tincture (Polish Pharmacopoeia (FP)) requires correction and supplementation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Analysis of Polyphenolic Composition of a Herbal Medicinal Product—Peppermint Tincture

et al. 2019

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“…In particular, salvianic acid A is considered a superior antioxidant and one of the main therapeutic components for cardiac dysfunctions [25,38]. Moreover, it was proposed that salvianolic acids, identified as the main bioactive compounds in Salvia spp., could possess pharmacological properties useful to counteract a wide range of human pathologies [37,39]. The presence of these compounds in basil could improve the nutraceutical and technological value of this crop for food and pharmaceutical industry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into Composition of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds in Leaves and Flowers of Green and Purple Basil

Prinsi

Morgutti

Negrini

et al. 2019

Plants

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Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a culinary, medicinal, and ornamental plant appreciated for its antioxidant properties, mainly attributed to high content of rosmarinic acid. This species also includes purple varieties, characterized by the accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves and flowers. In this work, we compared the main morphological characteristics, the antioxidant capacity and the chemical composition in leaves, flowers, and corollas of green (‘Italiano Classico’) and purple (‘Red Rubin’ and ‘Dark Opal’) basil varieties. The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of individual compounds allowed quantifying 17 (poly)phenolic acids and 18 flavonoids, differently accumulated in leaves and flowers of the three varieties. The study revealed that in addition to rosmarinic acid, basil contains several members of the salvianolic acid family, only scarcely descripted in this species, as well as, especially in flowers, simple phenolic acids, such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and salvianic acid A. Moreover, the study revealed that purple leaves mainly contain highly acylated anthocyanins, while purple flowers accumulate anthocyanins with low degree of decoration. Overall, this study provides new biochemical information about the presence of not yet characterized bioactive compounds in basil that could contribute to boosting the use of this crop and to gaining new knowledge about the roles of these compounds in plant physiology.

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“…Even so, there are quite many other studies that show beneficial activities of plant derived natural products in alleviation of oxidative stress related cellular damage [37]. Among the compounds showing such properties, there are many polyphenols, such as resveratrol [12], anthocyanins [38], caffeic acid oligomers [39], and many other [37]. Hydroxylated xanthones have been also reported as able to protect against neuronal damage in various models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemarrhenae asphodeloides rhizoma Extract Enriched in Mangiferin Protects PC12 Cells against a Neurotoxic Agent-3-Nitropropionic Acid

Piwowar

Rembiałkowska

Rorbach-Dolata

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, used in Traditional Chinese Medicine as a brain function-improving herb, is a promising source of neuroprotective substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective action of xanthones from A. asphodeloides rhizomes on the PC12 cell line exposed to the neurotoxic agent—3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). The xanthone-enriched fraction of the ethanolic extract of A. asphodeloides (abbreviated from now on as XF, for the Xanthone Fraction), rich in polyphenolic xanthone glycosides, in concentrations from 5 to 100 μg/mL, and 3-NP in concentrations from 2.5 to 15 mM, were examined. After 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure of cells to various combinations of 3-NP and XF, the MTT viability assay was performed and morphological changes were estimated by confocal fluorescence microscopy. The obtained results showed a significant increase in the number of cells surviving after treatment with XF with exposure to neurotoxic 3-NP and decreased morphological changes in PC12 cells in a dose and time dependent manner. The most effective protective action was observed when PC12 cells were pre-incubated with the XF. This effect may contribute to the traditional indications of this herb for neurological and cognitive complaints. However, a significant cytotoxicity observed at higher XF concentrations (over 10 µg/mL) and longer incubation time (48 h) requires caution in future research and thorough investigation into potential adverse effects.

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Molecular Pharmacology of Rosmarinic and Salvianolic Acids: Potential Seeds for Alzheimer’s and Vascular Dementia Drugs

Cited by 80 publications

References 153 publications

Analysis of Polyphenolic Composition of a Herbal Medicinal Product—Peppermint Tincture

Analysis of Polyphenolic Composition of a Herbal Medicinal Product—Peppermint Tincture

Insight into Composition of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds in Leaves and Flowers of Green and Purple Basil

Anemarrhenae asphodeloides rhizoma Extract Enriched in Mangiferin Protects PC12 Cells against a Neurotoxic Agent-3-Nitropropionic Acid

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