Molecular phylogenetic studies of Lachnum and its allies based on the Japanese material

Abstract

Molecular phylogenetic studies were carried out based on ITS-5.8S rDNA, the D1-D2 region of the large subunit rRNA gene, RPB2, and combined data of D1-D2 and RPB2 as well as these three genes on 36 species among 7 genera for Lachnum and allied genera in the family Hyaloscyphaceae. In the combined data of all three regions, seven strongly supported clades were obtained. The same clades were also recognized in most of the trees based on each gene, and the combined data of D1-D2 and RPB2, although some of them were not strongly supported. Four clades represented Albotricha, Brunnipila, Incrucipulum, and Lachnellula, respectively, whereas Lachnum was distributed to the remaining three clades. The molecular phylogenies strongly supported a group of species with granulate hairs, and we suggest the concept of Lachnaceae should be restricted to these species. Based on the molecular phylogenetic analysis, three new combinationsIncrucipulum longispineum, I. radiatum, and Lachnellula pulverulentum from Lachnum-are proposed.

Molecular phylogenetic assessment of the genus Hyphodiscus with description of Hyphodiscus hyaloscyphoides sp. nov.

“…6), hyaloscyphaceous members excluding Venturiocistella japonica form a strongly supported clade, and a close relationship for the representative inoperculate discomycetes with hairs is indicated, though suggesting at the same time a heterogeneity of the family Hyaloscyphaceae, as was stated by Huhtinen (in Hawksworth 1994: 407). Monophyly was indicated for Arachnopeziza and Hyaloscypha species, while lachnoid genera (having either lanceolate paraphyses or granulate hairs) were less strongly supported as indicated by Hosoya et al (2010). Monophyly of Hyphodiscus is also strongly supported, but phylogenetic relationships with other members of the Hyaloscyphaceae are not strongly supported.…”

“…(2004) based on Hosoya et al (2010), and Trichope- zizoideae based on the infrafamilial taxonomy by Raitviir (1987)] in the family Hyaloscyphaceae were incorporated into the analysis. In total, 18 species in 11 genera were used.…”

A check list of non-lichenised fungi occurring on Fagus crenata, a tree endemic to Japan

“…Second, we followed the Species Fungorum to reconcile taxon names (generic and specific ranks), but the given taxonomic names were not always agreeable. For instance, Brunnipila fuscescens is synonymised as Lachnum fuscescens in Species Fungorum, but based on our molecular phylogenetic evidence, we do not think that it is an appropriate treatment (Hosoya et al 2010). However, to discuss the biodiversity in the same framework, we need to standardise name usage under a certain system.…”

“…The procedure used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing was previously described by Hosoya et al (2010). The sequencing reaction was carried out using a BigDye terminator cycle sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster city, CA) using the same primers as for those used PCR amplification.…”

Colipila, a new genus in the Helotiales

“…The genus Dasyscyphella Tranzsch., which encompasses species that are closely related to Lachnum (Hosoya et al 2010), appears at first glance to be intermediate between Colipila and Lachnum. However, like members of the genus Lachnum, and in contrast to Colipila, the paraphyses of species of Dasyscyphella are distinctly different from the hairs.…”