Molecular phylogeny of Nyctaginaceae: taxonomy, biogeography, and characters associated with a radiation of xerophytic genera in North America

Douglas, Norman A.; Manos, Paul S.

doi:10.3732/ajb.94.5.856

Cited by 84 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Developmental studies suggest that the mechanism underlying the recruitment of preceding bracts is different in these distinct lineages. Within Nyctaginaceae, an involucre may have evolved more than once, occurring also in Abronia, Allionia, Boerhavia, Bougainvillea, Mirabilis, Nyctaginia, and Tripterocalyx (Douglas and Manos 2007). In Boerhavia, Sharma (1963) describes an involucre surrounding five lateral flowers and one central flower.…”

Section: Recruitment Of Preceding Bractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of the Caryophyllales Sensu Lato: Revisiting Hypotheses on Pollination Biology and Perianth Differentiation in the Core Caryophyllales

Brockington¹,

Alexandre

Ramdial

et al. 2009

International Journal of Plant Sciences

128

120

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Molecular phylogenetics has revolutionized our understanding of the Caryophyllales, and yet many relationships have remained uncertain, particularly at deeper levels. We have performed parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses on separate and combined data sets comprising nine plastid genes (;12,000 bp), two nuclear genes (;5000 bp), and the plastid inverted repeat (;24,000 bp), giving a combined analyzed length of 42,006 bp for 36 species of Caryophyllales and four outgroups. We have recovered strong support for deep-level relationships across the order. Two major subclades are well supported, the noncore and core Caryophyllales; Rhabdodendron followed by Simmondsia are sisters to the core Caryophyllales, Limeum and Stegnosperma are successive sisters to the ''globular inclusion'' clade, Gisekia is a distinct lineage well separated from Rivina within the ''raphide'' clade, and Rivina and Phytolaccaceae are disparate lineages, with Rivina sister to Nyctaginaceae. The placement of Sarcobatus and relationships within the portulacaceous cohort remain problematic. Within the latter, Halophytum is sister to Basellaceae and Didiereaceae, and the clade comprising Portulaca, Talinum, and Cactaceae is well supported. Classical hypotheses argued that the early Caryophyllales had evolved in open, dry, marginal environments at a time when pollinators were scarce, and, as such, the ancestral caryophyllid flower was wind pollinated with an undifferentiated perianth. We reevaluated these hypotheses in light of our phylogeny and find little support for anemophily as the ancestral condition; however, the early caryophyllid flower is suggested to have possessed an undifferentiated perianth. A subsequent minimum of nine origins of differentiated perianth is inferred. We discuss the evidence for independent origins of differentiated perianth and highlight the research opportunities that this pattern offers to the field of evolutionary developmental genetics.

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Section: Recruitment Of Preceding Bractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of the Caryophyllales Sensu Lato: Revisiting Hypotheses on Pollination Biology and Perianth Differentiation in the Core Caryophyllales

Brockington¹,

Alexandre

Ramdial

et al. 2009

International Journal of Plant Sciences

128

120

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“…Recent work in morphology and palaeontology has stressed 'trends' (Sidor, 2001(Sidor, , 2003, 'tendencies' (Frohlich, 2006;Douglas & Manos, 2007) and 'iterative themes' (Rudall, 2003). In discussions on the evolution of diversity, many authors now emphasize prior aspects of the genome or the 'developmentalgenetic architecture' that predispose it to evolve in certain ways and not others, rather than natural selection of advantageous traits and better-designed features (Burns et al, 2002).…”

Section: Darwin's Changing Views On Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Darwin’s changing views on evolution: from centres of origin and teleology to vicariance and incomplete lineage sorting

Heads¹

2009

Journal of Biogeography

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It is a strange fact that in many ways the first edition of Charles Darwin's Origin of Species is closer to modern neodarwinism than the sixth and last edition. Sometimes this is attributed to a decline in the quality of the argument, but the opposite interpretation is given here. It is suggested that Darwin's early work on evolution is naïve and based on the two creationist principles of centre of origin and teleology (panselectionism). This fusion later became the 'modern synthesis'. However, after the first edition of the Origin, Darwin developed a non-teleological synthesis that integrated natural selection with what he called 'laws of growth' -phylogenetic/morphogenetic trends or tendencies. Discussion of Darwin's later, more sophisticated model of evolution has been suppressed in the teleological modern synthesis, but similar ideas are re-emerging in current work on molecular phylogenetics and biogeography. This indicates that the ancestor of a group can be diverse in its morphology and its ecology, that this diversity can be inherited, and that groups usually originate over a broad region and not at a single point.

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“…The calcium probably derives from soils rich in CaSO 4 ·H 2 O, a gypsum found mainly in arid to semi-arid climates with low precipitation (Grotzinger et al, 2007). The family is known to grow on gypsum-rich soil (Douglas and Manos, 2007), and calcium oxalate crystals are found in the family (Metcalf and Chalk, 1950). The crystals of our species may be of calcium oxalate composition.…”

Section: Characters Allowing Plants To Survive In Harsh Arid Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Nyctaginaceae originated in the Neotropics (Douglas and Manos, 2007). Genera occur in both tropical and desert habitats (Douglas and Manos, 2007;Douglas and Spellenberg, 2010).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Nyctaginaceae Jussieu., commonly known as four-o'clocks, are a relatively small family capable of growing in gypsum-rich soil (Douglas and Manos, 2007). In southern Africa, five genera (Boerhavia L., Commmicarpus Standl., Mirabilis L., Phaeoptilum Radlk., and Pisonia L.) occur abundantly in the taxon's southern African diversity centre, which is Namibia (Germishuizen and Meyer, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomical Adaptations of Boerhavia L. and Commicarpus Standl. (Nyctaginaceae) for Survival in Arid Environments of Namibia

Struwig¹,

Jordaan²,

Siebert³

2011

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica

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Members of the Nyctaginaceae Jussieu. are distributed throughout southern Africa. Eight species of the family occur naturally in arid parts of Namibia. These species have acquired the ability to survive and reproduce in these dry conditions. They are xerophytes, which have been described as drought evaders, avoiders, and drought-tolerant. In the Nyctaginaceae, Boerhavia deserticola, B. hereroensis, Commicarpus helenae and C. squarrosus are thought to be drought avoiders. In this study we investigated their stem, leaf and anthocarp anatomy for adaptations to arid environments. The results indicated that the four species are avoiders, with modifications of the trichomes, secretions, crystals, secondary growth, Kranz mesophyll, water storage cells, tannins, mucilage, inner and outer stomatal ledges, large-diameter xylem vessels, and the presence of sclerenchyma in their stems, leaves and anthocarps. These adaptations enable the plants to tolerate arid conditions, conserve water and maintain a high photosynthetic rate, and aid seed dispersal.K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds s: : Adaptations, arid environment, avoiders, Boerhavia, Commicarpus, Namibia, xerophytes.

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Molecular phylogeny of Nyctaginaceae: taxonomy, biogeography, and characters associated with a radiation of xerophytic genera in North America

Cited by 84 publications

References 84 publications

Phylogeny of the Caryophyllales Sensu Lato: Revisiting Hypotheses on Pollination Biology and Perianth Differentiation in the Core Caryophyllales

Phylogeny of the Caryophyllales Sensu Lato: Revisiting Hypotheses on Pollination Biology and Perianth Differentiation in the Core Caryophyllales

Darwin’s changing views on evolution: from centres of origin and teleology to vicariance and incomplete lineage sorting

Anatomical Adaptations of Boerhavia L. and Commicarpus Standl. (Nyctaginaceae) for Survival in Arid Environments of Namibia

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