Molecular phylogeny of the order Euryalida (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), based on mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal genes

Okanishi, Masanori; O’Hara, Timothy D.; Fujita, Toshihiko

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.07.003

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Two types of ossicle components of radial shields have been known for Euryalida. Astrocharidae has monolayer radial shields and the other families have multilayer radial shields (Okanishi et al 2011). These shield characters had not previously been recognized without removing the skin with external ossicles of the disc (e.g., Okanishi and Fujita 2009; Stöhr 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive morphological observations of the fleshy brittle star, Asteronyx loveni using micro-computed tomography (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida)

Okanishi

Fujita

Maekawa

et al. 2017

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The first morphological observation of a euryalid brittle star, Asteronyx loveni, using non-destructive X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) was performed. The body of euryalids is covered by thick skin, and it is very difficult to observe the ossicles without dissolving the skin. Computed tomography with micrometer resolution (approximately 4.5–15.4 µm) was used to construct 3D images of skeletal ossicles and soft tissues in the ophiuroid’s body. Shape and positional arrangement of taxonomically important ossicles were clearly observed without any damage to the body. Detailed pathways inside the vertebral ossicles, lateral arm plates, and arm spines for passage of nerves and water vascular structures were observed. Inter-vertebral muscles were also observed. Forms and 3D arrangements of many important taxonomical characters of the euryalids were scrutinized by µCT in high enough resolution for taxonomic description of ophiuroids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive morphological observations of the fleshy brittle star, Asteronyx loveni using micro-computed tomography (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida)

Okanishi

Fujita

Maekawa

et al. 2017

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“…The genera Ophiomoeris and Ophiochondrus , formerly placed in Hemieuryalidae, have recently been transferred to Ophiacanthidae [47]. The systematics of the Euryalida has been revised recently and the family Asteroschematidae has been lowered to subfamilial rank within Euryalidae [51].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent molecular evidence instead places it within Ophiurida [50], but more data are needed to confirm this hypothesis. Within the Euryalida, the Gorgonocephalidae have recently been confirmed as sister taxon to a clade consisting of Asteronychidae and Euryalidae [51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Diversity of Brittle Stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

2012

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This review presents a comprehensive overview of the current status regarding the global diversity of the echinoderm class Ophiuroidea, focussing on taxonomy and distribution patterns, with brief introduction to their anatomy, biology, phylogeny, and palaeontological history. A glossary of terms is provided. Species names and taxonomic decisions have been extracted from the literature and compiled in The World Ophiuroidea Database, part of the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). Ophiuroidea, with 2064 known species, are the largest class of Echinodermata. A table presents 16 families with numbers of genera and species. The largest are Amphiuridae (467), Ophiuridae (344 species) and Ophiacanthidae (319 species). A biogeographic analysis for all world oceans and all accepted species was performed, based on published distribution records. Approximately similar numbers of species were recorded from the shelf (n = 1313) and bathyal depth strata (1297). The Indo-Pacific region had the highest species richness overall (825 species) and at all depths. Adjacent regions were also relatively species rich, including the North Pacific (398), South Pacific (355) and Indian (316) due to the presence of many Indo-Pacific species that partially extended into these regions. A secondary region of enhanced species richness was found in the West Atlantic (335). Regions of relatively low species richness include the Arctic (73 species), East Atlantic (118), South America (124) and Antarctic (126).

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“…Furthermore, a recent molecular phylogenetic analysis (Okanishi et al in press), based on mitochondrial (16S) and nuclear ribosomal RNA genes (18S, 28S), also showed that Squamophis albozosteres sp. n. (as Asteroschema sp.)…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

A new genus Squamophis of Asteroschematidae (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida) from Australia

Okanishi¹,

O’Hara²,

Fujita³

2011

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Squamophis, a new genus of brittle star is described. Two species are included in the genus: Squamophis amamiensis (Okanishi & Fujita, 2009) from south-western Japan and Squamophis albozosteres sp. n. from north-western Australia. Squamophis gen. n. is distinguished from the other genera of the family Asteroschematidae by the following characters: each radial shield is single-layered and is completely covered by plate-shaped epidermal ossicles, and the relative length of the longest arm spine throughout the arms is as long as the length of the corresponding arm segment. Squamophis albozosteres sp. n. is distinguished from Squamophis amamiensis in having white, slightly domed, plate-shaped epidermal ossicles on the aboral side of the body, the ossicles on aboral and lateral portion of the arms form transverse rows, and the other part of aboral side of disc and basal to middle portion of arms are brown but tip of the arms are light purple.

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Molecular phylogeny of the order Euryalida (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), based on mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal genes

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Non-destructive morphological observations of the fleshy brittle star, Asteronyx loveni using micro-computed tomography (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida)

Non-destructive morphological observations of the fleshy brittle star, Asteronyx loveni using micro-computed tomography (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida)

Global Diversity of Brittle Stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

A new genus Squamophis of Asteroschematidae (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida) from Australia

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