Molecular phylogeny of trematodes in Family Heterophyidae based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mCOI)

Abstract

The sequence data of mtCOI can be used to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of trematodes at the genus level. Each clade of different genera of heterophyid trematodes can be separated into sister groups that correlated with the morphological characteristic, kind of secondary intermediate host and geographic distribution.

Molecular confirmation of trematodes in the snail intermediate hosts from Ratchaburi Province, Thailand

“…Digenetic trematodes, particularly intestinal and liver flukes, are widely distributed in many Asian countries including Korea, Vietnam, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, and remain a public health problem throughout the region [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The heterophyid trematode and some liver flukes can infect mammals and humans who eat raw or uncooked infected-fish species such as Haplorchis taichui (H. taichui) and Haplorchis pumilio (H. pumilio) [2,8,9].…”

“…The life cycle of these trematodes is very complex, as they require two intermediate hosts to reach maturation and to complete their life cycle. Freshwater snails and fish typically serve as the intermediate host in most instances [1,6,14,15]. These trematodes are endemic throughout the Southeast Asian region, including Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam, Korea and the Philippines [1,2,5,7,10,15], with a high incidence of mixed infections involving small liver trematodes and other minute intestinal trematodes [16,17].…”

Molecular characterization of Stictodora tridactyla (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from Kuwait Bay using rDNA ITS and mtCO1

“…Several kinds of mammals including humans, rats, cats, and dogs have been reported as definitive hosts for heterophyid flukes. Heterophyids are known to be the possible cause of clinical problems in human intestinal tract in some Asian countries Chai 2007;Chontananarth et al 2014;Sripalwit et al 2015). In addition to their effects on public health, these fish parasites form a great threat to the aquaculture fish industry (Dzikowski et al 2004;Thien et al 2007;Díaz et al 2008;Clausen et al 2014).…”

“…In addition to their effects on public health, these fish parasites form a great threat to the aquaculture fish industry (Dzikowski et al 2004;Thien et al 2007;Díaz et al 2008;Clausen et al 2014). The infection is transmitted to man through the ingestion of raw or uncooked fish which harbor heterophyid metacercariae (Fried et al 2004;Chai et al 2005;Kim et al 2006;Elsheikha and Elshazly 2008;Thaenkham et al 2011;Cho et al 2014;Chontananarth et al 2014;Clausen et al 2014).…”

“…in Korea (Lee et al 2004), and Maritrema eroliae in Kuwait (Al-Kandari et al 2011). Also, it has been used extensively to study the phylogenetic relationship among trematodes (Chontananarth et al 2014). There have been no reports characterizing S. tridactyla in the world using welldefined molecular DNA markers.…”