Molecular phylogeography of<i>Dryas integrifolia</i>: glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization

Tremblay, Nicolas; Schoen, Daniel J.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00680.x

Cited by 172 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The chloroplast diversity parallels to some extent morphological diversity in the species: three of the four subspecies of S. hirculus have been recorded from Alaska. Recently, molecular evidence has been presented that Dryas integrifolia (Tremblay and Schoen, 1999), and S. oppositifolia (Abbott et al, 2000) survived the Quaternary glaciations in this region, and a hotspot of cpDNA diversity has also been recorded here for Saxifraga cernua . Fossil evidence shows that Beringia was covered by various tundra types in this period (Ritchie and Cwynar, 1982;Edwards et al, 2000), and macrofossils of S. oppositifolia have been found on the northern part of the Seward Peninsula of Alaska during the last full glacial (Goetcheus and Birks, 2001).…”

Section: Amounts Of Haplotype Diversitymentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Several recent studies have examined the patterns of genetic variation in plant species with arctic distributions (Tremblay and Schoen, 1999;Abbott et al, 2000;Abbott and Brochmann, 2003;Abbott and Comes, 2003). The aim has been to produce evidence bearing on the hypothesised existence of northern refugia, areas in which species may have survived the last glaciation in situ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chloroplast DNA phylogeography of the arctic-montane species Saxifraga hirculus (Saxifragaceae)

2006

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The genetic structure of populations of an arctic-montane herb, Saxifraga hirculus (Saxifragaceae), was analysed by means of chloroplast restriction fragment-length polymorphism. Sampled populations were distributed across Europe and North America (Alaska and Colorado). There was no evidence for geographically structured genetically divergent lineages, and although no haplotypes were shared between North America and Europe, the haplotypes from different continents were intermixed on a minimum spanning tree. European populations were much more highly differentiated and had much lower levels of haplotype diversity than their Alaskan counterparts. Centres of haplotype diversity were concentrated in those Alaskan populations located outside the limits of the last (Wisconsin) glaciation, suggesting that they may have acted as refugia during the Pleistocene. It was not possible to identify putative migration routes or corresponding refugia in the European genepool. One British population, from the Pentland Hills, was genetically very distant from all the others, for reasons that are as yet unknown.

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Section: Amounts Of Haplotype Diversitymentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroplast DNA phylogeography of the arctic-montane species Saxifraga hirculus (Saxifragaceae)

2006

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“…Many studies have reported geographic pattern in cpDNA variation below the species level (MAYER et al, 1994;SEWELL et al, 1996;DUMOLIN-LAPÉGUE et al, 1997; VAN DIJK and BAKX-SCHATMAN, 1997;WOLF et al, 1997;KING and FERRIS, 1998;TREMBLAY and SCHOEN, 1990;ABBOTT et al, 2000). Furthermore, intra-specific cpDNA variation has been observed among Fagus species including Fagus sylvatica (DEMESURE et al, 1996), F. crenata (FUJII et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific variation and geographic patterns of Fagus orientalis Lipsky chloroplast DNA

Shanjani

Vettori²,

Giannini³

et al. 2004

Silvae Genetica

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CpDNA variation in Iranian beech, Fagus orientalis Lipsky (Fagaceae) was studied in 14 populations distributed throughout the species range in the Hyrcanain zone. Two cpDNA intergenic regions were analyzed: (i) one in the DT region between trnD (tRNA-Asp) and trnT (tRNA-Thr) genes, and (ii) one in the OA region between the orf184 and petA genes. The restriction fragments of the region DT did not show polymorphism among individuals within any population analyzed. However, among individuals within analyzed populations of Asalem region and Neka-1400 population, polymorphism in the restriction fragments of the OA region were found. A total of 3 different chloroplast (cp) haplotypes were scored. The distribution of the cpDNA haplotypes revealed a geographical structure of the genetic differentiation with Gst = %68.7 and Nst = %70.3. The distribution pattern of F. orientalis cpDNA haplotypes may reflect environmental differences and migration history of beech during historical distribution in Tertiary from Asalem (most polymorphic region) to East of Hyrcanian forests.

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“…Such studies may reveal the migratory potential of the species in response to climate change. During the Pleistocene glaciations, Arctic plants were restricted to refugia, either within or south of present day Arctic regions, from where they could recolonize areas as conditions improved during interglacial periods (172,173). The rate of colonization by different species during the Holocene probably depended on where their closest refugia were situated, their dispersal biology and genetic makeup.…”

Section: Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses to Projected Changes in Climate and UV-B at the Species Level

Callaghan¹,

Björn²,

Chernov³

et al. 2004

Ambio

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Environmental manipulation experiments showed that species respond individualistically to each environmental-change variable. The greatest responses of plants were generally to nutrient, particularly nitrogen, addition. Summer warming experiments showed that woody plant responses were dominant and that mosses and lichens became less abundant. Responses to warming were controlled by moisture availability and snow cover. Many invertebrates increased population growth in response to summer warming, as long as desiccation was not induced. CO 2 and UV-B enrichment experiments showed that plant and animal responses were small. However, some microorganisms and species of fungi were sensitive to increased UV-B and some intensive mutagenic actions could, perhaps, lead to unexpected epidemic outbreaks. Tundra soil heating, CO 2 enrichment and amendment with mineral nutrients generally accelerated microbial activity. Algae are likely to dominate cyanobacteria in milder climates. Expected increases in winter freeze-thaw cycles leading to ice-crust formation are likely to severely reduce winter survival rate and disrupt the population dynamics of many terrestrial animals. A deeper snow cover is likely to restrict access to winter pastures by reindeer/caribou and their ability to flee from predators while any earlier onset of the snow-free period is likely to stimulate increased plant growth. Initial species responses to climate change might occur at the sub-species level: an Arctic plant or animal species with high genetic/racial diversity has proved an ability to adapt to different environmental conditions in the past and is likely to do so also in the future. Indigenous knowledge, air photographs, satellite images and monitoring show that changes in the distributions of some species are already occurring: Arctic vegetation is becoming more shrubby and more productive, there have been recent changes in the ranges of caribou, and "new" species of insects and birds previously associated with areas south of the treeline have been recorded. In contrast, almost all Arctic breeding bird species are declining and models predict further quite dramatic reductions of the populations of tundra birds due to warming. Species-climate response surface models predict potential future ranges of current Arctic species that are often markedly reduced and displaced northwards in response to warming. In contrast, invertebrates and microorganisms are very likely to quickly expand their ranges northwards into the Arctic.

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Molecular phylogeography ofDryas integrifolia: glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization

Cited by 172 publications

References 55 publications

Chloroplast DNA phylogeography of the arctic-montane species Saxifraga hirculus (Saxifragaceae)

Chloroplast DNA phylogeography of the arctic-montane species Saxifraga hirculus (Saxifragaceae)

Intraspecific variation and geographic patterns of Fagus orientalis Lipsky chloroplast DNA

Responses to Projected Changes in Climate and UV-B at the Species Level

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