Molecular Prevalence and Identification of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys from Dogs in Nay Pyi Taw Area, Myanmar

Abstract

Ticks are vectors of different types of viruses, protozoans, and other microorganisms, which include Gram-negative prokaryotes of the genera Rickettsiales, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and Borrelia. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia canis and canine cyclic thrombocytopenia caused by Anaplasma platys are of veterinary importance worldwide. In Myanmar, there is limited information concerning tick-borne pathogens, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma spp., as well as genetic characterization of these species. We performed nested PCR for the gltA gene of the genus Ehrlichia spp. and the 16S rRNA gene of the genus Anaplasma spp. with blood samples from 400 apparently healthy dogs in Nay Pyi Taw area. These amplicon sequences were compared with other sequences from GenBank. Among the 400 blood samples from dogs, 3 (0.75%) were positive for E. canis and 1 (0.25%) was positive for A. platys. The partial sequences of the E. canis gltA and A. platys 16SrRNA genes obtained were highly similar to E. canis and A. platys isolated from different other countries.

Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Control of Canine Infectious Cyclic Thrombocytopenia and Granulocytic Anaplasmosis: Emerging Diseases of Veterinary and Public Health Significance

“…Non-specific signs, fever, anemia, anorexia, dullness, and thrombocytopenia [5] Morulae in stained blood smear, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, elevated liver enzymes, serology, andPCR/DNA sequencing [1,5] Doxycycline 5 mg/kg bid for 28 days [172] Vector control, habitat modification, rearing tick-resistant breeds, and chemotherapy [5] Human granulocyticanaplasmosis Fever, headache, myalgias, and chills [123] Morulae in stained blood smear, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, elevated liver enzymes, serology/IFA, and PCR/DNA sequencing [95,173] Doxycycline @ 100 mg, orally, twice dailyfor 10-14 days or rifampicin @ 20 mgkg −1 day −1 orallyfor children, otherwise 300 mg orally, twice dailyfor 5-7 days [47] Humans: Minimizing high-risk tick exposure activities (hiking, gardening, etc. ), blood transfusion, immune suppression, identificationof reservoirs and vectors, and their control [1]…”

Molecular Detection of Ehrlichia canis in the Pet-Dog Population in R. N. Macedonia

“…However, some studies report a rather low prevalence of E. canis (Malaysia -2%, Myanmar -0.75%, etc. ), or even fail to detect the presence of E. canis in the studied dog population (Croatia) [10,29,30]. The established differences in the prevalence of E. canis in different studies are mainly infl uenced by the wide variety of approaches used for the study design.…”

Molecular Characterization of Rickettsial Agents in Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Sri Lanka

“…Several other closely related Ehrlichia have been identified in other studies reported from Africa and Asia, so this Ehrlichia lineage may be distributed very broadly. Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys have been reported in different parts of India and other southeastern Asian countries, [67][68][69][70] but their presence in Sri Lanka is unknown. Further work is required to perform more in-depth analyses of these yet-uncultured Ehrlichia genotypes, and, most importantly, to determine their potential to cause human and veterinary diseases.…”