Molecular prevalence and subtyping of Cryptosporidium hominis among captive long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) from Hainan Island, southern China

Zhao, Wei; Zhou, Huanhuan; Jin, Hairong; Liu, Meicen; Qiu, Mingyan; Li, Lihua; Yin, Feifei; Chan, Jasper Fuk‐Woo; Lü, Gang

doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3449-0

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…was 11.9%, which was lower than the findings from Nepal (41.1%) and India (26.92%) (Jaiswal et al, 2014), and higher than the findings from China (10.94%) (Ye et al, 2012) and Thailand (1%) (Sricharern et al, 2016). This coccidian parasite causes highly fatal types of intestinal and extraintestinal pathologies (Kuhn et al, 1997;Kaup et al, 1998) and might be transmitted among humans and primates zoonotically (Ye et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2019). Another coccidian parasite Eimeria sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Diversity and prevalence of gut parasites in urban macaques

Sapkota

Adhikari

Regmi³

et al. 2020

Appl. Sci. Technol. Ann.

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Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are commonly found to inhabit various religious sites and cities in Nepal. Similar to other nonhuman primates, they are also the natural or reservoir host of several gut parasites. However, the status of gut parasitism, particularly in the urban dweller macaques, remains largely unexplored in the country. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and diversity of gut parasites in the monkeys inhabiting Bajrabarahee, an urban temple area in Lalitpur District, Nepal. A total of 42 fresh fecal samples of macaques belonging to five different troops, were collected and preserved in 2.5% (w/v) potassium dichromate solution. The fecal samples were processed by direct wet mount, concentration, and acid-fast techniques and examined under an optical microscope. All the fecal samples were positive with gut parasites. The parasites detected were Ascarid spp., Balantidium coli, Cryptosporidium sp., Eimeria sp., Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba spp., Giardia sp., hookworm, Strongyloides sp., Strongylid spp., Trichomonas sp., and Trichuris sp. Cent percent prevalence rate and high species richness with 12 parasites may indicate that they have impact on the gut health of these monkeys. This suggests the need of deworming the macaque population and enhancing public awareness for pro-active control of parasitic infection as well as of adopting the preventive measures to lessen the zoonotic transmission of the pathogenic parasites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Diversity and prevalence of gut parasites in urban macaques

Sapkota

Adhikari

Regmi³

et al. 2020

Appl. Sci. Technol. Ann.

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“…Thus far, there have been only two studies of Cryptosporidium spp. in farmed NHPs, which reported a low occurrence of C. hominis in crab-eating macaques ( Macaca fascicularis ) in China [11, 12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis subtypes in crab-eating macaques

Chen

Jiang

et al. 2019

Parasites Vectors

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Background Non-human primates are often infected with human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium hominis subtypes, but rarely with Cryptosporidium parvum . In this study, 1452 fecal specimens were collected from farmed crab-eating macaques ( Macaca fascicularis ) in Hainan, China during the period April 2016 to January 2018. These specimens were analyzed for Cryptosporidium species and subtypes by using PCR and sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA and 60 kDa glycoprotein ( gp60 ) genes, respectively. Results Altogether, Cryptosporidium was detected using 18S rRNA-based PCR in 132 (9.1%) sampled animals, with significantly higher prevalence in females (12.5% or 75/599 versus 6.1% or 43/706), younger animals (10.7% or 118/1102 in monkeys 1–3-years-old versus 4.0% or 14/350 in those over 3-years-old) and animals with diarrhea (12.6% or 46/365 versus 7.9% or 86/1087). Four Cryptosporidium species were identified, namely C. hominis , C. parvum , Cryptosporidium muris and Cryptosporidium ubiquitum in 86, 30, 15 and 1 animal, respectively. The identified C. parvum , C. hominis and C. ubiquitum were further subtyped by using gp60 PCR. Among them, C. parvum belonged to subtypes in two known subtype families, namely IIoA14G1 (in 18 animals) and IIdA19G1 (in 2 animals). In contrast, C. hominis mostly belonged to two new subtype families Im and In, which are genetically related to Ia and Id, respectively. The C. hominis subtypes identified included ImA18 (in 38 animals), InA14 (in six animals), InA26 (in six animals), InA17 (in one animal) and IiA17 (in three animals). The C. ubiquitum isolates belonged to subtype family XIId. By subtype, ImA18 and IIoA14G1 were detected in animals with diarrhea whereas the remaining ones were mostly found in asymptomatic animals. Compared with C. parvum and C. muris , higher oocyst shedding intensity was observed in animals infected with C. hominis , especially those infected with the Im subtype family. Conclusions Data from the study suggest that crab-eating macaques are infected with diverse C. parvum and C. hominis subtypes. The C. parvum IIo subtype family previously seen in rodents in China has apparently expanded its host range...

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“…Cryptosporidium oocysts were investigated in several studies either alone or along with other intestinal parasites among different population groups [13][14][15][16], as well as, in the environment [17][18][19] and domestic animals [20,21]. In Jordan, studies on Cryptosporidium were conducted on normal and immunocompromised patients among different age groups [10,12,[22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidiosis among Hemodialysis Patients in Jordan: First Preliminary Screening Surveillance

et al. 2019

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Few studies have reported the incidence of cryptosporidiosis among hemodialysis patients worldwide. Currently many molecular and immunological assays have been developed for the sensitive diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis, but still, the microscopic detection of the parasitic infective stage (oocysts) in stool specimens using modified acid stain is regarded as a reliable sensitive technique which is widely used in many clinical labs. In the present study, a total of 133 stool samples were collected from hemodialysis patients and were screened for Cryptosporidium oocyst using formalin-ether concentration and modified acid-fast staining technique. Clinical and demographic data were also collected and analyzed. Cryptosporidium oocysts were recovered in 15/133 (11%) of the investigated hemodialysis patients. The age of patients ranged from 25 to 80 years (mean: 57.84 ± 12.22). Most of the Cryptosporidium-positive cases were recovered from males (73.7%) residing in rural villages in Irbid city (86.6%). The most repeatedly reported symptoms in the Cryptosporidium-positive patients were gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea (15%), nausea (24%), abdominal pain (23%) and bloating (17%), in addition to general fatigue (32%) and weight loss (19%). No statistically significant associations for certain clinical symptoms or risk factors were found. The present study is the first preliminary study in Jordan that provided a brief screening for the incidence of cryptosporidiosis among hemodialysis patients.

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Molecular prevalence and subtyping of Cryptosporidium hominis among captive long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) from Hainan Island, southern China

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Diversity and prevalence of gut parasites in urban macaques

Diversity and prevalence of gut parasites in urban macaques

Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis subtypes in crab-eating macaques

Cryptosporidiosis among Hemodialysis Patients in Jordan: First Preliminary Screening Surveillance

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