Molecular profiling of the intestinal mucosa and immune cells of the colon by multi-parametric histological techniques

Abstract

The impact of the post-mortem interval (PMI) on the optical molecular characteristics of the colonic mucosa and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) were examined by multi-parametric measurements techniques. Inflammatory cells were identified by immunohistochemical staining. Molecular parameters were estimated using the Raman spectroscopy (RS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging. The 3D refractive index (3D-RI) distributions of samples were determined using the digital holographic tomography. The distribution of immune cells between post-mortem (PM) and normal controls did show significant differences for CD4 (P = 0.0016) or CD8 (P < 0.0001), whose expression level was decreased in PM cases. No association was found between individual PMI values and inflammatory cell distribution. However, there was a tendency for a negative correlation between CD4+ cells and PMI (r = − 0.542, P = 0.032). The alterations ongoing in post-mortem tissue may suggest that PMI has a suppressive effect on the effector properties of the cell-mediated immunity. Moreover, it was confirmed that spectroscopic and digital holotomographic histology are also a useful technique for characterization of the differences in inflammation of varying intensity and in GALT imaging in a solid tissue. Anatomical location of immune cells and methods of tissue fixation determine the molecular and optical parameters of the examined cases.

Biochemistry and Nanomechanical Properties of Human Colon Cells upon Simvastatin, Lovastatin, and Mevastatin Supplementations: Raman Imaging and AFM Studies

“…Protein synthesis is one of the most complicated biochemical processes undertaken by the cell, requiring approximately 150 different polypeptides and 70 different RNAs. In addition, protein synthesis can be stopped when only a small fraction of the ribosome is inactivated by certain ribotoxins or when kinases associated with oxidative stress are activated . The comparison between untreated human colon cells and cancer human colon cells upon statin supplementation shows that adding of statins effectively decreases the cell’s protein level (the ratios 1004/1258 and 1004/1658 increase), especially for a longer incubation time of 48 h. One can see from Figure that the strongest effect was observed for simvastatin.…”

New Trends in Immunohistochemical Methods to Estimate the Time since Death: A Review

“…The samples used to estimate the PMI came from different organs, such as brain [ 38 , 39 , 42 ], thyroid [ 35 , 36 ], pancreas [ 34 , 37 , 38 ], gingival tissue [ 14 , 27 ], skin [ 44 ], heart [ 33 , 43 ], large intestine [ 45 ], female genital system [ 46 ], bone marrow [ 40 ], skeletal muscle [ 41 ], as well as lung and liver [ 42 ]. For these tissues, the various authors used different markers, without any overlap or repetition ( Figure 2 ).…”

“…Zadka et al [ 45 ] found that a significant reduction in the antigenic expression of CD4 and especially CD8 lymphocyte T markers occurred in the intestinal mucosa of eight cadavers with a PMI between 2 and 7 days. However, IHC expression of CD3 and CD45 did not show statistically significant changes in their study.…”

Biochemistry and nanomechanical properties of human colon cells upon simvastatin, lovastatin and mevastatin supplementations – Raman imaging and AFM studies

“…Protein synthesis is one of the most complicated biochemical processes undertaken by the cell, requiring approximately 150 different polypeptides and 70 different RNAs. In addition protein synthesis can be stopped when only a small fraction of the ribosome is inactivated by certain ribotoxins or when kinases associated with oxidative stress are activated [54]. The comparison between untreated human colon cells and cancer human colon cells upon statins supplementation shows that adding of statins effectively decreases the cell's proteins level (the ratios 104/1258, 1004/1658 increase) especially for longer incubation time of 48h.…”