Molecular Recognition with Macrocyclic Receptors for Application in Precision Medicine

Single Molecular Nanomedicines Based on Macrocyclic Carrier-Drug Conjugates for Concentration-Independent Encapsulation and Precise Activation of Drugs

“…These macrocyclic carriers boast well-defined nanosized structures, utilizing their preorganized cavities for equivalent loading and encapsulation of drug molecules. − Moreover, they can achieve controlled drug release by incorporating a suitable stimulus-responsiveness. For example, our previously developed macrocyclic carriers based on azocalixarenes have demonstrated not only strong binding affinities but also hypoxia-triggered release for various drugs, rendering them to be a versatile platform for the treatment of many hypoxia-related diseases. − Besides, the exclusive formation of an intramolecular self-included complex, rather than an intermolecular supramolecular polymer or assembly, can be achieved by selecting an appropriately sized covalent spacer to connect a macrocyclic carrier with its guest, such as a drug molecules. − Owing to the concentration-independent nature of intramolecular encapsulation, it can effectively prevent off-target leakage of drugs during in vivo circulation. , Therefore, the unique intramolecular inclusion feature of SMNMs not only effectively encapsulates and protects drugs but also prevents off-target leakage, thereby significantly enhancing the stability of drugs in complex physiological environments and reducing drug side effects. Additionally, the characteristics of being a single component and molecularly dispersed confer advantages, such as ease of preparation and good reproducibility.…”

Optically Pure Calixarenyl Phosphine via Stereospecific Alkylation on Evans’ Oxazolidinone Moiety

“…Calix [4]arenes are macrocyclic compounds formed by condensation of four molecules of phenol and four molecules of formaldehyde, which, after adequate functionalization, could be used as building blocks for applications in host-guest chemistry, coordination chemistry, homogeneous catalysis, and materials or medicinal sciences [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

“…Synthesis of {25,26,27-Tribenzoyl-28-[((S)-1-diphenylphosphanyl-propan-2-yl)oxy]-calix[4] arene} borane (1,3-alternate)(8) …”

Pillar[6]MaxQ functions as an in vivo sequestrant for rocuronium and vecuronium

“…4 The Guo group has used azo-calixarene derivatives for numerous applications including hypoxia imaging. 5 Our group has demonstrated the use of CB[ n ]-type receptors – with their ultratight binding properties 2 d – as in vivo sequestrants to counteract the effects of a variety of biologically active substances. 6 Perhaps the most stunning real-world application of a macrocyclic host is the clinical use of the γ-cyclodextrin derivative sugammadex to alleviate the post-surgical side effects of the neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) rocuronium (roc) and vecuronium (vec).…”