Molecular Regulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene Expression in Parvocellular Neurons of the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus

Aguilera, Greti

doi:10.4036/iis.2015.b.13

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…CRH transcription is induced by the activation the cAMP/Protein kinase A-regulated pathway, and depends on the downstream binding of phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein (pCREB) to a cAMP-responsive element (CRE) in the CRH promoter (Liu et al., 2010 ; Seasholtz et al., 1988 ). This is accompanied by binding of CREB to its co-activator CREB-regulated transcriptional co-activator (CRTC; also known as transducer of regulated CREB activity, TORC) (Aguilera, 2015 ). While secretion of CRH allows rapid HPA axis activation and CORT release, de novo synthesis of CRH peptide is necessary to replenish the intravesicular CRH store, in order to maintain responsiveness of the system (Watts, 2005 ).…”

Section: Regulation Of Crh Synthesis and Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of glucocorticoid negative feedback in the regulation of HPA axis pulsatility

Gjerstad

Lightman²,

Spiga³

2018

Stress

324

185

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The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is the major neuroendocrine axis regulating homeostasis in mammals. Glucocorticoid hormones are rapidly synthesized and secreted from the adrenal gland in response to stress. In addition, under basal conditions glucocorticoids are released rhythmically with both a circadian and an ultradian (pulsatile) pattern. These rhythms are important not only for normal function of glucocorticoid target organs, but also for the HPA axis responses to stress. Several studies have shown that disruption of glucocorticoid rhythms is associated with disease both in humans and in rodents. In this review, we will discuss our knowledge of the negative feedback mechanisms that regulate basal ultradian synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoids, including the role of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors and their chaperone protein FKBP51. Moreover, in light of recent findings, we will also discuss the importance of intra-adrenal glucocorticoid receptor signaling in regulating glucocorticoid synthesis.

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Section: Regulation Of Crh Synthesis and Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of glucocorticoid negative feedback in the regulation of HPA axis pulsatility

Gjerstad

Lightman²,

Spiga³

2018

Stress

324

185

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“…In the following sections, the regulatory mechanisms for the CRF neurons will be discussed from the electrophysiological viewpoints. Molecular mechanisms of CRF gene expression are discussed in an excellent review by Aguilera in the present issue of IIS [44].…”

Section: Regulatory Mechanisms For Crf Neurons In the Pvhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Regulatory Mechanism of Stress Responses in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus: Backgrounds and Future Perspectives of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-Modified Yellow Fluorescent Protein-Knock-In Mouse

Itoi

2015

IIS

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Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a central role in the stress response by regulating the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis. In order to unravel unsolved issues underlying the regulatory mechanisms for CRF neurons, modified yellow fluorescent protein (Venus) gene was inserted into the CRF gene in frame, and CRF neurons were visualized by the Venus fluorescence. Venus expression is overlapped with CRF expression in most brain regions, including the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). This mouse is a useful tool especially for conducting electrophysiological recordings from CRF neurons. In the first half of the present review, the backgrounds of the generation of the mouse are described based on the previous literature: first, the anatomical distribution of CRF-immunoreactive neurons in the rat brain is overviewed, and then the knowledge on the electrophysiological properties of the parvocellular neuroendocrine neurons that constitute a subpopulation of neurons in the PVH (including PVH-CRF neurons) is described. These sections may help the readers in understanding the purpose of generating the CRF-Venus mouse. In the second half of the manuscript, the distribution of Venus-expressing neurons is characterized in the CRF-Venus mouse, and preliminary results of electrophysiological recordings from the Venus-expressing neurons are shown. CRF driver mouse lines are also referred to as a means for the CRF neuron-selective gene transfer or targeting. Novel mouse lines may serve as tools for disclosing the regulatory mechanisms for CRF neurons in the PVH, as well as other brain regions.

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Molecular Regulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene Expression in Parvocellular Neurons of the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus

Cited by 2 publications

References 60 publications

Role of glucocorticoid negative feedback in the regulation of HPA axis pulsatility

Role of glucocorticoid negative feedback in the regulation of HPA axis pulsatility

Exploring the Regulatory Mechanism of Stress Responses in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus: Backgrounds and Future Perspectives of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-Modified Yellow Fluorescent Protein-Knock-In Mouse

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