Molecular Regulation of Mirnas and Potential Biomarkers in the Progression of Hepatic Steatosis to NASH

Wang, Yuping; Liu, Zhichao; Zou, Wen; Hong, Huasheng; Fang, Hong; Tong, Weida

doi:10.2217/bmm.15.70

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Genetic biomarkers play key roles in implementation of precision medicine. There has been much effort to advance biomarker discovery and application in regulatory science [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Emerging technologies have been used for biomarker development [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alignment of Short Reads: A Crucial Step for Application of Next-Generation Sequencing Data in Precision Medicine

et al. 2015

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Precision medicine or personalized medicine has been proposed as a modernized and promising medical strategy. Genetic variants of patients are the key information for implementation of precision medicine. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an emerging technology for deciphering genetic variants. Alignment of raw reads to a reference genome is one of the key steps in NGS data analysis. Many algorithms have been developed for alignment of short read sequences since 2008. Users have to make a decision on which alignment algorithm to use in their studies. Selection of the right alignment algorithm determines not only the alignment algorithm but also the set of suitable parameters to be used by the algorithm. Understanding these algorithms helps in selecting the appropriate alignment algorithm for different applications in precision medicine. Here, we review current available algorithms and their major strategies such as seed-and-extend and q-gram filter. We also discuss the challenges in current alignment algorithms, including alignment in multiple repeated regions, long reads alignment and alignment facilitated with known genetic variants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alignment of Short Reads: A Crucial Step for Application of Next-Generation Sequencing Data in Precision Medicine

et al. 2015

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“…A major feature in the transition from NAFLD to NASH is the appearance of hepatic inflammation [14]. This breakthrough-like process is mediated by the interplay of multiple hit factors and is orchestrated by rich network of miRNAs [20]. Currently, a number of common pathogenetic mechanisms have been proposed and characterised for the transition from simple steatosis to NASH [19].…”

Section: Common Pathogenetic Mechanisms Of Nafldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the progression of liver fibrosis, the normally high levels of miR-22 and miR-125b are suppressed. The miR-29 family showing anti-fibrotic action in many organs is also suppressed [20].…”

Section: Micrornas In Nafldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis, Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Molecular Pathways

Mezale¹,

Štrumfa²,

Vanags³

et al. 2017

Liver Cirrhosis - Update and Current Challenges

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Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is growing into global problem, mainly due to NASH-induced cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), that can develop either subsequently to cirrhosis or preceding it. In addition, NASH-induced cirrhosis constitutes a significant fraction of cases diagnosed as cryptogenic cirrhosis. Thus, there is a need for deeper understanding of the molecular basis, leading to liver steatosis, then-to the associated inflammation seen in NASH, loss of liver architecture and cirrhosis, followed or paralleled by carcinogenesis and HCC. Insulin resistance, increased hepatic iron level, and certain cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6 derived from extrahepatic adipose tissues, can trigger the chain of events. The imbalance between leptin and adiponectin is important as well. These markers remain important during the whole course from NASH through liver cirrhosis to HCC. The molecular pathogenesis substantiates treatment: hypertriglyceridemia can be lowered by low calorie diet; mTOR complex can become inhibited by physical activity and metformin; cholesterol synthesis, RAF/ MAPK1/ERK and p21 pathway by statins; inflammation by pentoxyfillin, and kinases (in HCC) by sorafenib. Bidirectional regulation of telomere attrition, senescence and p21 pathway, restoration of wild-type p53 activity and regulation of miRNA network represent attractive future treatment options. Focusing on relevant molecular pathways allows deeper understanding of NASH pathogenesis, leading to identification of predictive markers and treatment targets.[10] and other Western industrialised countries, facing high occurrence of the major risk factors for NAFLD, namely, central obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome [11]. In a recent meta-analysis of 86 studies, comprising 8,515,431 persons from 22 countries, the global prevalence of NAFLD was 25.24% (95% confidence interval [CI], showing the highest occurrence in the Middle East and South America and the lowest in Africa [5].Liver Cirrhosis -Update and Current Challenges 2 Thus, 90% of patients suffering from morbid obesity (defined as having body mass index 40 kg/m 2 or higher) and 74% patients affected by diabetes mellitus develop NAFLD. In addition, NAFLD has been observed even in non-obese, non-diabetic patients who have increased insulin levels in blood and resistance to insulin action. Consequently, NAFLD affects up to 20-30% of adults in Europe and 46% in the USA: a tremendously high prevalence for a condition that can cause any significant complications [9, 10]. Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis, Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Molecular Pathways http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68771 3Most patients are diagnosed with NAFLD in their 40s or 50s. Studies vary in regard to the gender distribution of NAFLD, with some suggesting that it is more common in women and others suggesting more frequent occurrence in men [11,12].Since 1998, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been considered a condition with a "two-hit" course of...

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“…There are many studies discussing the identification of miRNAs as biomarkers for potential utilization in diagnosis of this disease. Wang et al have reviewed the most recent advances in translation of miRNA biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis of this disease [9].…”

Section: Special Focus Y Biomarkers In Regulatory Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Translation of Biomarkers into Regulatory Science

Hong

Slikker

2015

Biomark. Med.

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Molecular Regulation of Mirnas and Potential Biomarkers in the Progression of Hepatic Steatosis to NASH

Cited by 11 publications

References 71 publications

Alignment of Short Reads: A Crucial Step for Application of Next-Generation Sequencing Data in Precision Medicine

Alignment of Short Reads: A Crucial Step for Application of Next-Generation Sequencing Data in Precision Medicine

Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis, Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Molecular Pathways

Advancing Translation of Biomarkers into Regulatory Science

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