Molecular Screening of Microorganisms Associated with Discolored Wood in Dead European Beech Trees Suffered from Extreme Drought Event Using Next Generation Sequencing

Purahong, Witoon; Tanunchai, Benjawan; Wahdan, Sara Fareed Mohamed; Buscot, François; Schulze, Ernst Detlef

doi:10.3390/plants10102092

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Culture-independent approaches have been rapidly developed over the past decade due to the applications of high-throughput sequencing technologies such as Next Generation Sequencing (NGS, e.g., 454 pyrosequencing, Illumina sequencing) and long-read Third Generation Sequencing (TGS, e.g., PacBio, Oxford Nanopore [ 38 , 39 , 40 ] Based on genetic and bioinformatic information obtained from culture-independent approaches, we can reasonably characterize the diversity and community composition as well as predict potential interactions and functions of microbes in various environments [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]. However, there are some pitfalls to culture-independent approaches, particularly relating to PCR biases [ 42 ]. Thus, various lines of studies suggest that combining the culture-dependent and culture independent approaches can give a sounder conclusion to the total microbial communities in environmental samples [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Microorganisms Dwelling on the 19th Century Lanna Mural Paintings from Northern Thailand Using Culture-Dependent and -Independent Approaches

Suphaphimol

Suwannarach

Purahong

et al. 2022

Biology

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Lanna painting is a unique type of painting in many temples in the Northern Thai region. Similar to most mural paintings, they usually decay over time partly due to the activity of microbes. This study aimed to investigate the microorganisms from two Lanna masterpiece paintings in two temples that differ in the numbers of visitors using both culture-dependent and -independent approaches. The microorganisms isolated from the murals were also tested for the biodeterioration activities including discoloration, acid production and calcium precipitation. Most microorganisms extracted from the paintings were able to discolor the paints, but only fungi were able to discolor, produce acids and precipitate calcium. The microorganism communities, diversity and functional prediction were also investigated using the culture-independent method. The diversity of microorganisms and functional prediction were different between the two temples. Gammaproteobacteria was the predominant group of bacteria in both temples. However, the fungal communities were different between the two temples as Aspergillus was the most abundant genus in the site with higher number of visitors [Buak Krok Luang temple (BK)]. Conversely, mural paintings at Tha Kham temple (TK) were dominated by the Neodevriesia genera. We noticed that a high number of visitors (Buak Krok Luang) was correlated with microbial contamination from humans while the microbial community at Tha Kham temple had a higher proportion of saprotrophs. These results could be applied to formulate a strategy to mitigate the amount of tourists as well as manage microorganism to slow down the biodeterioration process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Microorganisms Dwelling on the 19th Century Lanna Mural Paintings from Northern Thailand Using Culture-Dependent and -Independent Approaches

Suphaphimol

Suwannarach

Purahong

et al. 2022

Biology

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“…After 2018, trees affected by drought also became vulnerable to secondary pathogen attacks such as Botryosphaeria corticola and Neonectria ditissima [35,36]. These studies are, however, more local and do not represent all of Central Europe.…”

Section: Negative Impact Of the Consecutive Droughts In 2018 And 2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beech diebacks were reported in the spring and summer of 2019 [16,33]. Furthermore, beech was left vulnerable to secondary pathogen attacks, inducing mortality among trees with reduced vitality and defense ability [34][35][36]. Austria, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Switzerland, however, remained less affected by absolute CWB stress in 2019, with only certain regions subjected to highly negative CWB anomalies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Responses of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) to Drought Intensity and Length—A Review of the Impacts of the 2003 and 2018–2019 Drought Events in Central Europe

Rukh

Sanders²,

Krüger³

et al. 2023

Forests

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A combined severe heatwave and drought, starting in 2018 and lasting for several months, restarted the discussion on the resistance of European beech to climatic changes, with severe growth reductions, early leaf senescence, leaf browning, and diebacks reported across Central Europe. These responses may result in long-term impacts such as reduced vitality of beech, especially under potential future drought periods. While the 2003 drought caused severe crown damage and defoliation and a loss in vitality, resulting in insect and fungal infestations and subsequent dieback, the drought in 2018 was even more severe in terms of geographical scale, duration, and intensity with reports of complete diebacks and severe mortality across Central Europe. These impacts were exacerbated in some regions by the consecutive drought in 2019 and secondary attacks from pathogens, as well as a further loss in vitality. Such enhanced drought exposure of beech trees could push them beyond their hydraulic safety margins. Moreover, growth legacy effects due to past droughts may lead to lower recovery over time, potentially leading to subsequent tree death. In order to better predict the future of beech growth and vitality in Central Europe, both short- and long-term legacy effects of defoliation and their influence on post-drought growth should be explored, and adaptive forest management strategies evaluated. Moreover, synergistic or additive interactions of legacy effects with drought, as well as with biotic disturbances, require further investigation. Long-term forest monitoring data facilitates investigations of drought responses of beech.

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Feels Like Home: A Biobased and Biodegradable Plastic Offers a Novel Habitat for Diverse Plant Pathogenic Fungi in Temperate Forest Ecosystems

Nonthijun,

Tanunchai,

Schroeter

et al. 2024

Microb Ecol

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Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA), a biodegradable plastic, is significantly colonized and degraded by soil microbes under natural field conditions, especially by fungal plant pathogens, raising concerns about potential economic losses. This study hypothesizes that the degradation of biodegradable plastics may increase the presence and abundance of plant pathogens by serving as an additional carbon source, ultimately posing a risk to forest ecosystems. We investigated (i) fungal plant pathogens during the exposure of PBSA in European broadleaved and coniferous forests (two forest types), with a specific focus on potential risk to tree health, and (ii) the response of such fungi to environmental factors, including tree species, soil pH, nutrient availability, moisture content, and the physicochemical properties of leaf litter layer. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed that PBSA harbored a total of 318 fungal plant pathogenic amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) belonging to 108 genera. Among the identified genera (Alternaria, Nectria, Phoma, Lophodermium, and Phacidium), some species have been reported as causative agents of tree diseases. Plenodomus was present in high relative abundances on PBSA, which have not previously been associated with disease in broadleaved and coniferous forests. Furthermore, the highest number of fungal plant pathogens were detected at 200 days of PBSA exposure (112 and 99 fungal plant pathogenic ASV on PBSA degraded under Q. robur and F. sylvatic-dominated forest, respectively), which was double compared mature leaves and needles from the same forest sites. These findings suggest that PBSA attracts fungal plant pathogens in forests as an additional carbon source, potentially leading to increased disease outbreaks and disrupting the stability of forest ecosystems. The fungal plant pathogenic community compositions were mainly shaped by forest type, PBSA exposure time, site locations, leaf litter layer water content, and N:P ratio from leaf litter layer in both forest types. This study provides valuable insights into the potential risks posed by biodegradable plastic degradation in forests after 200 and 400 days of exposure, respectively. Further comprehensive evaluations of their effects on tree health and ecosystems, ideally on a long-term basis, are needed. These evaluations should include integrating microbial investigation, soil health monitoring, and ecosystem interaction assessments. Nevertheless, it should be noted that our interpretation of plant pathogens is solely based on high-throughput sequencing, bioinformatics, and annotation tools.

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Molecular Screening of Microorganisms Associated with Discolored Wood in Dead European Beech Trees Suffered from Extreme Drought Event Using Next Generation Sequencing

Cited by 6 publications

References 49 publications

Identification of Microorganisms Dwelling on the 19th Century Lanna Mural Paintings from Northern Thailand Using Culture-Dependent and -Independent Approaches

Identification of Microorganisms Dwelling on the 19th Century Lanna Mural Paintings from Northern Thailand Using Culture-Dependent and -Independent Approaches

Distinct Responses of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) to Drought Intensity and Length—A Review of the Impacts of the 2003 and 2018–2019 Drought Events in Central Europe

Feels Like Home: A Biobased and Biodegradable Plastic Offers a Novel Habitat for Diverse Plant Pathogenic Fungi in Temperate Forest Ecosystems

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