Molecular sexual determinants in Pistacia genus by KASP assay

Abstract

I. Background: Pistacia is kind of unisexual plant species that can take 4–5 years to initiate bearing stage of trees in terms of economic value. The fruits of species have an extreme importance in food, health and baking industry as a raw material. So, identify the individual in early juvenile period for pollination and position of trees is very crucial for growers. The objective of this study is developing markers for each Pistacia species which helps the screening the sex of plant seedling quickly before they reach reproduction stage without waiting morphological data. II. Methods and Results: Within the context, by using the power of KASP (Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR) assay technology as a marker screening system, we successfully discriminate 7 Pistacia species out of 8 which are P. atlantica, P. integerrima, P. khinjuk, P. mutica, P. terebinthus, P. vera and P. lentiscus. We have used a high-throughput DNA sequence read archive (SRA) to assemble a reference genome to use in our studies as de novo bioinformatics method. 4 genomic regions were sequenced with collected plant material from Antepfıstıgı Research Institute Collection Garden predominantly and 8 species were aligned intraspecifically for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) mining. 12 SNP markers are converted to KASP markers and 5 of them (SNP-PIS-133396, SNP-PIS-167992, P-ATL-91951-565, P-INT-91951-256, P-KHI-91951-115) showed obvious allelic discrimination between male and female species. SNP-PIS-167992 and P-ATL-91951-565 were identified as best marker assays due to the allelic frequency differences in graphs which are apparent for all individuals and homozygosis/heterozygosis observed clearly. These markers could be most comprehensive for whole genus because the discriminability power of several species in once. III. Conclusions: As a conclusion, this study is reported first Pistacia gender discrimination by KASP, besides the precursor study for sex discrimination by KASP in plants.

Low-Temperature Catalytic Methane Deep Oxidation over Sol-gel derived Mesoporous Hausmannite (Mn3O4) Spherical Particles

“…Typical spectrum is displayed in figure 6 and clearly identify the characteristic absorption bands decreasing as the wavelength towards the visible region increase, in line with the literature data. [38,39] The optical bandgap energy was estimated from the obtained absorption spectra using the Tauc law:…”

“…The estimated Eg Opt = 2.55 eV is in accordance with the reported results. [38,39] A strong relationship between the Eg Opt and the performance of transition metal-based oxide catalysts was early established and reported in the literature. [17,[40][41][42] Genuinely, catalysts made of TMOs with lower optical energy band gap substantially reveal excellent electron mobility which orderly enhances the mobility of oxygenated species (O -, O2 -, O2 2-) in the vicinity of the surface void together with the reducibility, decisive in the catalyst successful advancement.…”

Low-Temperature Catalytic Methane Deep Oxidation over Sol-gel derived Mesoporous Hausmannite (Mn3O4) Spherical Particles

“…Typical spectrum is displayed in figure 6 and clearly identify the characteristic absorption bands decreasing as the wavelength towards the visible region increase, in line with the literature data. [38,39] The optical bandgap energy was estimated from the obtained absorption spectra using the Tauc law:…”

“…The estimated Eg Opt = 2.55 eV is in accordance with the reported results. [38,39] A strong relationship between the Eg Opt and the performance of transition metal-based oxide catalysts was early established and reported in the literature. [17,[40][41][42] Genuinely, catalysts made of TMOs with lower optical energy band gap substantially reveal excellent electron mobility which orderly enhances the mobility of oxygenated species (O -, O2 -, O2 2-) in the vicinity of the surface void together with the reducibility, decisive in the catalyst successful advancement.…”