Molecular structure of the copia-like retrotransposable element Yokozuna on the W chromosome of the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Ohbayashi, Fumi; Shimada, Toru; Sugasaki, Toshiyuki; Kawai, Shinya; Mita, Kazuei; Oshiki, Toshikazu; Abe, Hiroaki

doi:10.1266/ggs.73.345

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In some species, such as E. kuehniella and G. mellonella, the W-specific sequences predominate, whereas this fraction is barely noticeable in the W chromatin of B. mori (Sahara et al 2003a). The latter finding is in agreement with the difficulty of isolating DNA fragments from the W chromosome of B. mori; the few that were recovered contained transposons (Abe et al , 2000Ohbayashi et al 1998). Recently, Sahara et al (2003b) demonstrated the identification of the W chromosome in B. mori using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with W-chromosome-derived bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) probes.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Probing the W chromosome of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, with sequences from microdissected sex chromatin

et al. 2006

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The W chromosome of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, like that of most Lepidoptera species, is heterochromatic and forms a female-specific sex chromatin body in somatic cells. We collected chromatin samples by laser microdissection from euchromatin and W-chromatin bodies. DNA from the samples was amplified by degenerate oligonucleotide-primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR) and used to prepare painting probes and start an analysis of the W-chromosome sequence composition. With fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the euchromatin probe labelled all chromosomes, whereas the W-chromatin DNA proved to be a highly specific W-chromosome painting probe. For sequence analysis, DOP-PCR-generated DNA fragments were cloned, sequenced, and tested by Southern hybridization. We recovered single-copy and low-copy W-specific sequences, a sequence that was located only in the W and the Z chromosome, multi-copy sequences that were enriched in the W chromosome but occurred also elsewhere, and ubiquitous multi-copy sequences. Three of the multi-copy sequences were recognized as derived from hitherto unknown retrotransposons. The results show that our approach is feasible and that the W-chromosome composition of C. pomonella is not principally different from that of Bombyx mori or from that of Y chromosomes of several species with an XY sex-determining mechanism. The W chromosome has attracted repetitive sequences during evolution but also contains unique sequences.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Probing the W chromosome of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, with sequences from microdissected sex chromatin

et al. 2006

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“…The heterochromatin of holocentric chromosomes, therefore, shows several common features with that of monocentric chromosomes since both contain ATrich satellite DNAs, transposable elements, HP1 proteins and methylated histones (e.g. Ohbayashi et al, 1998;Mandrioli et al, 1999;Cowell et al, 2002;Mandrioli, 2002;Mandrioli, 2003a, b;Mandrioli et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of HP1 and methylated H3 histones as heterochromatic epigenetic markers in the holocentric chromosomes of the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera)

Borsatti¹,

Mandrioli²

2005

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The methylated H3 histone and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) are markers of heterochromatin in several eukaryotes possessing monocentric chromosomes. In order to confirm that these epigenetic markers of heterochromatin are evolutionary conserved, the distribution of methylated H3 histones and HP1 homologues on the holocentric chromosomes of the cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera) were studied. In particular, PCR experiments with degenerated primers identified a HP1 homologue (called MbHP1) in the M. brassicae genome. Sequencing showed that the MbHP1 gene is 737 bp long including a 102 bp 5'UTR and a 635 bp coding portion (comprising an 80 bp intron). The MbHP1 peptide consisted of 184 amino acids, had a 20 kDa molecular mass and a net negative charge. At the structural level, it showed an N terminal chromo-domain and a chromo-shadow--domain at the C terminus linked by a short hinge region. At the cytogenetic level, MbHP1 was located exclusively in the heterochromatic regions of the chromosomes. The same heterochromatic regions became labelled after immuno-staining with antibodies against H3 histone methylated at lysine 9, reinforcing the hypothesis that this modified histone is essential for HP1 binding. Our data, as a whole, confirm that heterochromatic components and markers are evolutionary conserved both in mono-and holocentric chromosomes despite the difference in the distribution of heterochromatin on chromosomes.

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“…From these libraries, we obtained three lambda phage clones containing the W-Kabuki, W-Samurai and W-Yamato RAPD sequences by PCR amplification and sequencing. These DNA sequences comprise the nested structures of many retrotransposable elements (Ohbayashi et al, 1998;Abe et al, 2000Abe et al, , 2002, and manuscript in preparation).…”

Section: Identification Of the Rapd Markers On The W Chromosomementioning

confidence: 99%

Retrotransposable elements on the W chromosome of the silkworm, <i>Bombyx mori</i>

Abe

Mita²,

Yasukochi³

et al. 2005

Cytogenet Genome Res

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The sex chromosomes of the silkworm, Bombyxmori, are designated ZW(XY) for females and ZZ(XX) for males. The W chromosome of B. mori does not recombine with the Z chromosome and autosomes and no genes for morphological characters have been mapped to the W chromosome as yet. Furthermore, femaleness is determined by the presence of a single W chromosome, regardless of the number of autosomes or Z chromosomes. To understand these interesting features of the W chromosome, it is necessary to analyze the W chromosome at the molecular biology level. Initially to isolate DNA sequences specific for the W chromosome as randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, we compared the genomic DNAs between males and females by PCR with arbitrary 10-mer primers. To the present, we have identified 12 W-specific RAPD markers, and with the exception of one RAPD marker, all of the deduced amino acid sequences of these W-specific RAPD markers show similarity to previously reported amino acid sequences of retrotransposable elements from various organisms. After constructing a genomic DNA lambda phage library of B. mori we obtained two lambda phage clones, one containing the W-Kabuki RAPD sequence and one containing the W-Samurai RAPD sequence and found that these DNA sequences comprised nested structures of many retrotransposable elements. To further analyze the W chromosome, we obtained 14 W-specific bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones from three BAC libraries and subjected these clones to shotgun sequencing. The resulting assembly of sequences did not produce a single contiguous sequence due to the presence of many retrotransposable elements. Therefore, we coupled PCR with shotgun sequencing. Through these analyses, we found that many long terminal repeat (LTR) and non-LTR retrotransposons, retroposons, DNA transposons and their derivatives, have accumulated on the W chromosome as strata. These results strongly indicate that retrotransposable elements are the main structural component of the W chromosome.

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Molecular structure of the copia-like retrotransposable element Yokozuna on the W chromosome of the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Probing the W chromosome of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, with sequences from microdissected sex chromatin

Probing the W chromosome of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, with sequences from microdissected sex chromatin

Conservation of HP1 and methylated H3 histones as heterochromatic epigenetic markers in the holocentric chromosomes of the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera)

Retrotransposable elements on the W chromosome of the silkworm, <i>Bombyx mori</i>

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