Molecular Study of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Isolates Originating from Humans and Organic Pigs in Belgium

Algaba, Ignacio Gisbert; Verhaegen, Bavo; Murat, Jean Benjamin; Coucke, Wim; Mercier, Aurélien; Cox, Eric; Dorny, Pierre; Dierick, Katelijne; Craeye, Stéphane De

doi:10.1089/fpd.2019.2675

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Unlike the previously mentioned methods, the MS-based methodology has been widely used in the genetic characterization of human samples, involving a total of 428 samples in 20 different studies. Despite the participation of a greater number of European countries, France clustered 77.3% of the human samples analyzed ( Ajzenberg et al., 2009 ; Ajzenberg et al., 2015 ), followed by Portugal (11.7%) ( Ajzenberg et al., 2009 ; Vilares et al., 2017 ), Denmark (4.7%) ( Jokelainen et al., 2018 ), and Belgium (4.4%) ( Gisbert Algaba et al., 2020 ); most of the other countries contributed with up to three single isolates (Austria, Germany, Romania, Serbia, The Netherlands, and UK). Concerning strain types detected in human population, 86.4% corresponded with type II strains, the types I and III were found in low proportions (2.6 and 3% respectively), and those of MRA infections corresponded to 6.3% of cases.…”

Section: General Picture Of the Genetic Population In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from that, only one sample presented a MRA profile (0.4%, 1/238). Concerning wildlife, European studies included data from Belgium, Czech Republic, England, Finland, France, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Serbia, and Spain, with a total of 160 samples collected in 15 different publications; a wide variety of hosts were included in such surveys, highlighting red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ) (n=54) ( Aubert et al., 2010 ; De Craeye et al., 2011 ) and wild boars ( Sus scrofa ferus ) (n=44) ( Richomme et al., 2009 ; Gisbert Algaba et al., 2020 ). Among strains circulating in wild animals, 88.8% corresponded to type II (142/160), 6.2% (10/160) to MRA infections and 3.8% (6/160) to type III.…”

Section: General Picture Of the Genetic Population In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxoplasma gondii Genotyping: A Closer Look Into Europe

Fernández‐Escobar

Schares

Maksimov

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Toxoplasma gondii is a major zoonotic agent which may cause harmful effects mainly in pregnant and immunocompromised hosts. Despite many efforts on its genetic characterization, an entirely clear picture of the population structure in Europe has not been achieved yet. The present study aimed to summarize the available genotyping information and to map the distribution of circulating strains. There is consensus on type II T. gondii genotypes prevailing in Europe, but the absence of harmonization in the use of typing methods limits detailed knowledge. Standardized, high-end typing tools and integrative strategies are needed to fill the gaps and complete an accurate image of the T. gondii genetic population in Europe.

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Section: General Picture Of the Genetic Population In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Picture Of the Genetic Population In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii Genotyping: A Closer Look Into Europe

Fernández‐Escobar

Schares

Maksimov

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…In a molecular epidemiological study carried out in Belgium, T. gondii could be isolated and detected by magnetic capture-qPCR in 14 out of 92 pig hearts collected during 2016 and 2017 from pigs raised in organic farms [164]. Mouse bioassay demonstrated the viability of T. gondii in 9 of the positive animals.…”

Section: Distribution Of T Gondii In Food Producing Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic parasitic infection with a worldwide distribution caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, clade Sar Alveolata, family Sarcocystidae [2] and is one of the most important opportunistic parasitic diseases affecting humans and animals [44,64,164].…”

Section: Toxoplasma Gondiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Protozoan Infections Acquired from Food or Drinking Water: An Update

Rossi,

Amadoro,

Santonicola

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This review summarizes the most recent developments of research on protozoan parasite infections ac-quired through food and drinking water and is aimed at gathering updated knowledge on the risk factors, illnesses caused, and measures for prevention. Reports included dated from 2019 to the present and regarded recent outbreaks and cases of severe infec-tions, prevalence in different population segments and food handlers, and occurrence in food and drinking water. Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii were the microorganisms most frequently involved in large outbreaks and/or severe infections, while Cyclospora cayetanensis was most frequently involved in single case reports. Cystoisospora belli was implied in severe infections in immunocompromised patients, while Blastocystis homi-nis, Sarcocystis spp., Dientamoeba fragilis, Endolimax nana and Pentatrichomonas hominis appeared to be less relevant for number of symptomatic infections and pathogenic potential. A progressive improvement in surveillance of protozoan infections and infection sources was highlighted, especially in developed countries. The apparent increase in cases was concomitant with the implementa-tion of reporting systems and the application of molecular diagnostic methods that represent valuable in-struments for establishing epidemiological links and preventing or limiting outbreaks. The pathogenic role and sources of infection should be better elucidated for some species.

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“…Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a common intracellular protozoan parasite, causing 30% of the global human population infection worldwide [1]. T.gondii exists in the body of host in the forms of tachyzoites and bradyzoite [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Surface Antigen 1(SAG1) of Toxoplasma Gondii Interacts With RACK1 Inducing Autophagy and Maintaining The Viability of Host Cells

Liu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundIt has been well known that the surface antigen 1(SAG 1) of T.gondii plays an important role in the invasion of Tachyzoite into host cells. However whether it also play a role in the intracellular parasitism of T.gondii remains unclear. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of SAG1 on host cells and investigate the underlying mechanism. MethodsSAG1 was overexpressed in human embryonic kidney cell 293(HEK) by transfection. Autophagy was determined by fluorescent microscope and flow cytometry (FCM) in HEK293 cells co-transfected with Flag-SAG1 and EGFP-LC3. The interaction of SAG1 and RACK1 was measured by co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP), GST pulldown and fluorescent microscope. The expression of cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12 was determined by qRT-PCR. The expression of LC3, Ki67 and RACK1 was detected by Western blot. Cellular senescence was measured by β-galactosidase staining.ResultsWe found that overexpression of SAG1 in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) induces non-canonical autophagy and inhibition of autophagy using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) significantly decreases the cell viability of HEK293 cells. Mechanically, we identified RACK1, an intracellular multifunctional protein as a binding partner of SAG1. Depletion of RACK1 inhibited SAG1 induces non-autophagy and decreases the enhanced expression of cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α in SAG1 overexpressing cells. ConclusionThese data showed that SAG1 could induce non-canonical autophagy and facilitate the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α by interacting with RACK1, maintaining the viability of host cells. Our results suggests a new contribution of SAG1 in the intracellular parasitism.

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Molecular Study of Toxoplasma gondii Isolates Originating from Humans and Organic Pigs in Belgium

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Toxoplasma gondii Genotyping: A Closer Look Into Europe

Toxoplasma gondii Genotyping: A Closer Look Into Europe

Protozoan Infections Acquired from Food or Drinking Water: An Update

The Surface Antigen 1(SAG1) of Toxoplasma Gondii Interacts With RACK1 Inducing Autophagy and Maintaining The Viability of Host Cells

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