Molecular Surveillance of Rotavirus Infection in the Democratic Republic of the Congo August 2009 to June 2012

Pukuta, Elizabeth; Esona, Mathew D.; Nkongolo, Adolphe; Seheri, Mapaseka; Makasi, Mingiele; Nyembwe, Michel; Mondonge, Vital; Dahl, Benjamin A.; Mphahlele, M. Jeffrey; Cavallaro, Kathleen F.; Gentsch, Jon R.; Bowen, Michael D.; Waku‐Kouomou, Diane; Muyembe, Jean‐Jacques

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000000212

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…35 A study conducted in Democratic Republic of Congo in 2012 reported the circulation of G6P [6] strain. 36 The emerging strains G6P [6] and G12 suggested a recent introduction in Central Africa and Gabon. A study conducted during the same time period (2010-2011) in Cameroon reported the emergence of G6P [6] and suggested that the circulation of these strains was not detected due to low surveillance activity in many African countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of enteric viruses and genotyping of rotavirus A, adenovirus and astrovirus among children under 5 years old in Gabon

Lekana-Douki

Kombila-Koumavor

Nkoghe

et al. 2015

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of enteric viruses and genotyping of rotavirus A, adenovirus and astrovirus among children under 5 years old in Gabon

Lekana-Douki

Kombila-Koumavor

Nkoghe

et al. 2015

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…Despite these shortcomings, similar approaches are being used to monitor vaccine efficacy elsewhere and African countries are preparing to use this method to monitor the vaccines when introduced on a large scale in the continent [29]–[31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Rotavirus and Circulating Genotypes in Northeast Brazil during 7 Years of National Rotavirus Vaccination

et al. 2014

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Background and AimsRotavirus causes severe diarrhoea and Brazil introduced the Rotarix G1P[8] vaccine in 2006. We aimed to describe changes in rotavirus incidence and diarrhoea epidemiology before and after vaccine introduction.MethodsDesign: (i) hospital-based survey of children with diarrhoea (2006–2012); (ii) diarrhea-mortality and hospitalization surveillance (1999–2012).Setting(i) Aracaju and (ii) state and national level.Results1841 children were enrolled and 231 (12.5%) had rotavirus. Rotavirus was less frequent from January-June than from July-December (9.4% versus 20.9%, p<0.01), but the seasonal variation was less defined after 2009. Very few rotavirus cases (8–3.9%) were detected in 2011, with an increase in 2012 (13–18.5%). In 2006, unvaccinated children were more likely to have rotavirus, but thereafter unvaccinated and vaccinated children had equally low incidence. Older children and those with rotavirus were more likely to have severe diarrhea episodes. The most frequent genotype from 2006 to 2010 was G2P[4]; except in 2009, when most cases were G1P[8]. Very few G2P[4] were detected from 2011 and 50% cases in 2012 were G8P[4]. Diarrhoea-hospitalizations decreased nationally from 89,934 (2003) to 53,705 (2012; 40.3% reduction) and in the state from 1729 to 748 (56.7% reduction). Diarrhoea-deaths decreased nationally from 4368 in 1999 to 697 in 2012 (84% reduction, p<0.001) and in the state from 132 to 18 (86% reduction). These changes were much larger after vaccine introduction.ConclusionsThe vaccine was associated with substantial reductions in rotavirus incidence and diarrhoea-hospitalizations and deaths. The G2P[4] genotype predominance disappeared over time and may be replaced by other heterotypic genotypes.

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“…In Africa, strain diversity is extensive, and several G and P genotype combinations have been reported from multiple countries. These include, but are not limited to, G1P[6], G1P[8], G2P[4], G2P[6], G3P[6], G8P[6], G9P[8] and G12P[8], as well as mixed/multiple G and/or P types and also stains regarded as untypeable with available primer sets (Abebe et al, 2014; Banga-Mingo et al, 2014; Boula et al, 2014; Hokororo et al, 2014; Kiulia et al, 2014; Mukaratirwa et al, 2014; Odiit et al, 2014; Page et al, 2010; Pukuta et al,2014; Pursem et al, 2014; Seheri et al, 2014; Tsolenyanu et al, 2014). In addition, some studies have also reported the detection of animal or animal-human reassortant strains circulating among humans (Esona et al, 2009, Esona et al, 2010; Jere et al, 2012; 2014; Page et al, 2010; Nyaga et al, 2013; 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole genome detection of rotavirus mixed infections in human, porcine and bovine samples co-infected with various rotavirus strains collected from sub-Saharan Africa

Nyaga

Jere

Esona

et al. 2015

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are among the main global causes of severe diarrhea in children under the age of 5 years. Strain diversity, mixed infections and untypeable RVA strains are frequently reported in Africa. We analysed rotavirus-positive human stool samples (n=13) obtained from hospitalised children under the age of 5 years who presented with acute gastroenteritis at sentinel hospital sites in six African countries, as well as bovine and porcine stool samples (n=1 each), to gain insights into rotavirus diversity and evolution. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis and genotyping with G- (VP7) and P-specific (VP4) typing primers suggested that 13 of the 15 samples contained more than 11 segments and/or mixed G/P genotypes. Full-length amplicons for each segment were generated using RVA-specific primers and sequenced using the Ion Torrent and/or Illumina MiSeq next-generation sequencing platforms. Sequencing detected at least one segment in each sample for which duplicate sequences, often having distinct genotypes, existed. This supported and extended the PAGE and RT-PCR genotyping findings that suggested these samples were collected from individuals that had mixed rotavirus infections. The study reports the first porcine (MRC-DPRU1567) and bovine (MRC-DPRU3010) mixed infections. We also report a unique genome segment 9 (VP7), whose G9 genotype belongs to lineage VI and clusters with porcine reference strains. Previously, African G9 strains have all been in lineage III. Furthermore, additional RVA segments isolated from humans have a clear evolutionary relationship with porcine, bovine and ovine rotavirus sequences, indicating relatively recent interspecies transmission and reassortment. Thus, multiple RVA strains from sub-Saharan Africa are infecting mammalian hosts with unpredictable variations in their gene segment combinations. Whole-genome sequence analyses of mixed RVA strains underscore the considerable diversity of rotavirus sequences and genome segment combinations that result from a complex evolutionary history involving multiple host species.

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Molecular Surveillance of Rotavirus Infection in the Democratic Republic of the Congo August 2009 to June 2012

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

Molecular epidemiology of enteric viruses and genotyping of rotavirus A, adenovirus and astrovirus among children under 5 years old in Gabon

Molecular epidemiology of enteric viruses and genotyping of rotavirus A, adenovirus and astrovirus among children under 5 years old in Gabon

Incidence of Rotavirus and Circulating Genotypes in Northeast Brazil during 7 Years of National Rotavirus Vaccination

Whole genome detection of rotavirus mixed infections in human, porcine and bovine samples co-infected with various rotavirus strains collected from sub-Saharan Africa

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