“…The bibliographical references regarding the microbial ecology of fermented foods and beverages in various regions such as Asia [19,38,40,58], Africa [71][72][73], Europe [74][75][76], South America [21,37,40] and North America [23,77] are numerous and many species of microorganisms have been documented. In the last few years, the use of molecular techniques and tools have helped clarify, at least partially, the confusion present in the naming of newly isolated microorganisms and the generalisation which is caused by the use of conventional classification interpretation of the documented phenotypical characteristics [78,79]. In simple terms, these molecular techniques, such as nucleic acid probe, species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Rep-PCR, multiplex PCR, 16S rDNA sequencing, DGGE and TTGE, offer reliable solutions for microbial identification in fermented foods and are often used to analyse the microbial flora of fermented food products [78][79][80][81][82][83].…”