Molecular theory ofK-vacancy production in heavy-ion-atom collisions at small impact parameters

The nonadiabatic sliding model and its application to ?-electron emission

“…For this intermediate velocity region, variational theories offer the opportunity to reduce not only the large computational effort, but also to provide more insight into the physics of the collision process. The sliding center model has recently been used for the interpretation of experimental results on the K-shell ionisation probability in asymmetric collisions [7,8], where it was found that for protons colliding with heavy targets the atomic picture is satisfactory, while for higher projectile charges a molecular description is necessary when the adiabaticity parameter v/(aKE .... ) falls below 0.5 (a K is the Kshell radius and E .... the binding energy of the united atom). Kleber [2] has chosen a complex time-dependent parameter which is found from the solution of an Euler-Lagrange equation, and the electronic transition probability in zero order is given by the projection of the (time-dependent) wavefunction onto the desired final state.…”