Molecular typing and characterization of a novel genotype of EV-B93 isolated from Tibet, China

Abstract

EV-B93 is a novel serotype within the Enterovirus B species and is uncommon worldwide. Currently, only one full-length genomic sequence (the prototype strain) has been deposited in the GenBank database. In this study, three EV-B93 were identified, including one from an acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) patient (named 99052/XZ/CHN/1999, hereafter XZ99052) and two from healthy children (named 99096/XZ/CHN/1999 and 99167/XZ/CHN/1999, hereafter XZ99096 and XZ99167, respectively) from Tibet in 1999 during the polio eradication program. The identity between the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the Tibet EV-B93 strain and the EV-B93 prototype strain is 83.2%-83.4% and 96.8%-96.9%, respectively. The Tibet EV-B93 strain was found to have greater nucleotide sequence identity in the P3 region to another enterovirus EV-B107 as per a phylogenetic tree analysis, which revealed that recombination occurred. Seroepidemiology data showed that EV-B93 has not produced an epidemic in Tibet and there may be susceptible individuals. The three Tibet EV-B93 strains are temperature-resistant with prognosticative virulence, suggesting the possibility of a potential large-scale outbreak of EV-B93. The analyzed EV-B93 strains enrich our knowledge about this serotype and provide valuable information on global EV-B93 molecular epidemiology. What is more, they permit the appraisal of the serotype's potential public health impact and aid in understanding the role of recombination events in the evolution of enteroviruses.

Genetic characterization and molecular evolution of type 3 vaccine-derived polioviruses from an immunodeficient patient in China

“…The replication capacity of strains Day11, Day11-5, Day11-8, Day52, Day184 and Day271 were compared with Sabin 3 at 36°C versus 39.5°C to explore the temperature sensitivity properties. More than 2.0 logarithmic differences indicates temperature sensitivity phenotype ( Zhang et al., 2020 ). The results showed that the titers of strains Day11, Day11-8, Day52, Day184 and Day271 were reduced by more than 2 logarithms at 39.5°C versus 36°C, while the opposite result was observed for variant Day11-5 ( Fig.…”

Enteroviruses: epidemic potential, challenges and opportunities with vaccines

“…The closely associated enteroviruses EV-B93, EV-D94, and EV-D111 were suggested to be the cause of AFM outbreaks in both Egypt and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the early 2000s [ 12 ]. Similarly, EV-B93 was identified in a patient who presented with AFP in Tibet in 1999 [ 13 ]. According to phylogenetic analysis, that particular EV-B93 strain had undergone recombination with EV-B107 [ 13 ].…”

Characterization of coxsackievirus A10 strains isolated from children with hand, foot, and mouth disease

“…The titer of neutralization antibodies against CV-A10 was determined using RD cells. 22 Briefly, twofold serial dilutions of inactivated serum were mixed with equal volumes of four CV-A10 isolates (100 TCID 50 ). The serum-virus mixture was incubated at 37°C for 1 h in 96-well plates.…”