Molecular typing of clinical and environmental Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from Iran using microsatellites

Badali, Hamid; Shokohi, Tahereh; Khodavaisy, Sadegh; Moazeni, Maryam; Farhadi, Masoumeh; Nabili, Mojtaba

doi:10.18502/cmm.7.1.6180

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

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“…Therefore, people exposed to high amounts of conidia may have an enhanced risk of developing respiratory symptoms. Moreover, increased trends in emerging azole-resistant Aspergillus species make disease management more complicated [40][41][42][43]. According to our results, 10.5% and 2.6% of Aspergillus strains showed high MICs even against PSZ and ISZ, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Caspian Sea Mycosands: The Variety and Abundance of Medically Important Fungi in Beach Sand and Water

Moazeni

Hedayati

Haghani

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Samples from a total of 67 stations, distributed amongst 32 cities along the Caspian Sea coastline, were collected during the summer of 2021 on sunny days. The samples were collected from each station, including both dry/wet sand and shoreline water. The grown samples were primarily analyzed for the macro/microscopic morphologic features of the fungi. Moreover, identification by PCR-RFLP was performed for yeasts, dermatophytes, and Aspergillus sp. strains. Antifungal susceptibility tests were performed for probable-isolated Aspergillus and Candida sp. A total of 268 samples were collected, from which 181 (67.54%) isolates were recovered. Yeast-like fungi and potential pathogenic black fungi were detected in 12 (6.6%) and 20 (11%) of the sand (dry/wet) samples. Potential pathogenic hyaline fungi were identified in 136 (75.1%) samples, in which Aspergillus sp. was the predominant genus and was detected in 76/136 (47.8%) samples as follows: A. section Flavi n = 44/76 (57.9%), A. section Nigri n = 19/76 (25%), A. section Nidulantes n = 9/76 (11.8%), and A. section Fumigati n = 4/76 (5.3%). The most effective azole antifungal agent was different per section: in A. section Fumigati, PSZ; in Aspergillus section Nigri, ITZ and ISZ; in A. section Flavi, EFZ; and in A. section Nidulantes, ISZ. Candida isolates were susceptible to the antifungals tested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Caspian Sea Mycosands: The Variety and Abundance of Medically Important Fungi in Beach Sand and Water

Moazeni

Hedayati

Haghani

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Unveiling environmental transmission risks: comparative analysis of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus clinical and environmental isolates from Yunnan, China

Gong,

Huang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus poses a significant clinical challenge globally. Our previous epidemiological analysis revealed a remarkably high frequency (~80%) of azole-resistant A. fumigatus in Yunnan’s greenhouse environments, prompting increased local and regional research for targeted control strategies. In this study, we analyzed 94 clinical A. fumigatus isolates from Yunnan, comparing their susceptibility profiles and genotypic characteristics with environmental strains previously isolated. While the overall frequency of azole resistance in clinical isolates was lower than that in environmental samples, a significant prevalence of cross-resistance, with varying resistance patterns based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels was observed, which exceeded rates in other regions of China. Specific mutation combinations in the cyp51A gene were linked to elevated MIC values in clinical and/or environmental samples, while some resistant strains with wild-type cyp51A remain unexplained, indicating a need for further investigation into their resistance mechanisms. The differences in unique genetic elements and the distinct genetic differentiation observed between clinical and environmental isolates can be attributed to Yunnan’s unique geomorphology and potential genotype importation from other provinces and abroad. Extensive allele exchanges and sharing contributed to the selection of azole-resistant clinical isolates, suggesting a common environmental origin, and the transmission routes of local drug-resistant strains cannot be excluded. These findings emphasize the imperative for regional and targeted surveillance to monitor resistance trends and guide effective antifungal therapy, and management strategies to mitigate invasive aspergillosis risk in this region. IMPORTANCE Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus is a major global health concern, with particularly high rates (~80%) observed in Yunnan’s greenhouse environments. This study compares azole resistance in 94 clinical isolates from Yunnan with environmental strains, revealing lower clinical resistance but significant cross-resistance and distinct resistance patterns. Specific mutations in the cyp51A gene were associated with elevated minimum inhibitory concentration values, though some resistant strains had wild-type cyp51A , highlighting the need for further research. The unique genetic profiles and potential external genotype influences in Yunnan emphasize the need for targeted regional surveillance. Effective monitoring and control strategies are essential to manage and mitigate the risk of invasive aspergillosis.

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Genotyping and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> Isolated from Clinical Specimens

Dehqan,

Nasrollahi Omran,

Taghizadeh Armaki

et al. 2024

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: After Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus is the second leading cause of invasive and non-invasive aspergillosis. These fungi are of significant epidemiological importance in provinces with dry and hot climates. Objectives: In the present study, antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) and genotyping of sixty-five A. flavus clinical isolates originating from patients in Mazandaran and Tehran were performed. Methods: Antifungal susceptibility testing of 65 clinical isolates of A. flavus was conducted against amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ITR), voriconazole (VOR), posaconazole (POS), isavuconazole (ISA), luliconazole, lanoconazole, and 5-fluorocytosine according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method (M38-A2). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for each antifungal drug against all strains. Additionally, microsatellite typing using six variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) markers was performed to assess the genetic diversity and potential relationships among the clinical strains. Results: Luliconazole had the lowest geometric mean MIC (0.020 μg/mL), followed by lanoconazole (0.021 μg/mL), POS (0.089 μg/mL), ISA (0.115 μg/mL), ITR (0.220 μg/mL), VOR (0.244 μg/mL), AMB (0.870 μg/mL), and 5-fluorocytosine (58.76 μg/mL). Microsatellite typing revealed sixty-five distinct sequence genotypes. Statistically, there was no significant relationship between genotypes and AFST profiles (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: Luliconazole and lanoconazole demonstrated the greatest in vitro activity among all tested antifungals. However, most A. flavus strains exhibited reduced sensitivity to AMB. Microsatellite genotyping indicated no genetic similarity among the clinical strains, revealing high genetic diversity among A. flavus isolates obtained from clinical samples.

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Molecular typing of clinical and environmental Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from Iran using microsatellites

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Caspian Sea Mycosands: The Variety and Abundance of Medically Important Fungi in Beach Sand and Water

Caspian Sea Mycosands: The Variety and Abundance of Medically Important Fungi in Beach Sand and Water

Unveiling environmental transmission risks: comparative analysis of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus clinical and environmental isolates from Yunnan, China

Genotyping and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> Isolated from Clinical Specimens

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