Molecular Typing of<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>

Wang, Guiqing; Liveris, Dionysios; Mukherjee, Priyanka; Jungnick, Sabrina; Margos, Gabriele; Schwartz, Ira

doi:10.1002/9780471729259.mc12c05s34

Cited by 47 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…12,14–17 We analysed, assembled, and trimmed sequences in Lasergene v9·0 (DNASTAR). Using BLAST, 16S rDNA, ospC, flaB , and rrf-rrl sequences were compared with B burgdorferi sensu lato and relapsing fever borreliae sequences in GenBank.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a novel pathogenic Borrelia species causing Lyme borreliosis with unusually high spirochaetaemia: a descriptive study

Pritt

Mead

Johnson

et al. 2016

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

296

239

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Summary Background Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne disease in the northern hemisphere. It is a multisystem disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies and characterised by tissue localisation and low spirochaetaemia. In this study we aimed to describe a novel Borrelia species causing Lyme borreliosis in the USA. Methods At the Mayo clinic, from 2003 to 2014, we tested routine clinical diagnostic specimens from patients in the USA with PCR targeting the oppA1 gene of B burgdorferi sensu lato. We identified positive specimens with an atypical PCR result (melting temperature outside of the expected range) by sequencing, microscopy, or culture. We collected Ixodes scapularis ticks from regions of suspected patient tick exposure and tested them by oppA1 PCR. Findings 100 545 specimens were submitted by physicians for routine PCR from Jan 1, 2003 to Sept 30, 2014. From these samples, six clinical specimens (five blood, one synovial fluid) yielded an atypical oppA1 PCR product, but no atypical results were detected before 2012. Five of the six patients with atypical PCR results had presented with fever, four had diffuse or focal rash, three had symptoms suggestive of neurological inclusion, and two were admitted to hospital. The sixth patient presented with knee pain and swelling. Motile spirochaetes were seen in blood samples from one patient and cultured from blood samples from two patients. Among the five blood specimens, the median oppA1 copy number was 180 times higher than that in 13 specimens that tested positive for B burgdorferi sensu stricto during the same time period. Multigene sequencing identified the spirochaete as a novel B burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies. This same genospecies was detected in ticks collected at a probable patient exposure site. Interpretation We describe a new pathogenic Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies (candidatus Borrelia mayonii) in the upper midwestern USA, which causes Lyme borreliosis with unusually high spirochaetaemia. Clinicians should be aware of this new B burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies, its distinct clinical features, and the usefulness of oppA1 PCR for diagnosis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a novel pathogenic Borrelia species causing Lyme borreliosis with unusually high spirochaetaemia: a descriptive study

Pritt

Mead

Johnson

et al. 2016

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

296

239

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“…1C). The recently published detailed protocol for PCR conditions (Wang et al, 2014) is still valid and can also be found on the website.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

PubMLST.org – The new home for the Borrelia MLSA database

Margos

Binder²,

Dzaferovic³

et al. 2015

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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“…Borrelia species have been delineated using DNA-DNA association, 23S-5S intergenic spacer (IGS), and 16S sequences and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) (34,36,37). A number of methods of strain typing and genotyping B. burgdorferi have been used (38). These include determination of the chromosomal 16S-23S (rrsrrlA) IGS by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, which classifies isolates into one of three groups of ribosomal sequence types (RSTs) (39), and by typing of IGS sequences (40) and analysis of sequences of the plasmid-encoded OspA and OspC (41).…”

Section: Diversity Of Borrelia Burgdorferimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, RST typing has limited discriminatory power for this purpose (6,80), and the suitability of ospC typing may also be restricted, since the highly variable ospC gene is subject to strong selection by the host immune system (38,41,42). While associations of genotypes with dissemination are clear, specific genetic determinants facilitating dissemination remain unknown, although it could be argued that ospC could be a direct determinant of dissemination as it is mechanistically involved in B. burgdorferi-host interactions during the early phases of infection (81,82,83).…”

Section: Ecological Origins and Clinical And Diagnostic Importance Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Aspects of Emerging Lyme Disease in Canada

Ogden

Feil

Leighton

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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fIn North America, Lyme disease (LD) is a tick-borne zoonosis caused by the spirochete bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, which is maintained by wildlife. Tick vectors and bacteria are currently spreading into Canada and causing increasing numbers of cases of LD in humans and raising a pressing need for public health responses. There is no vaccine, and LD prevention depends on knowing who is at risk and informing them how to protect themselves from infection. Recently, it was found in the United States that some strains of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto cause severe disease, whereas others cause mild, self-limiting disease. While many strains occurring in the United States also occur in Canada, strains in some parts of Canada are different from those in the United States. We therefore recognize a need to identify which strains specific to Canada can cause severe disease and to characterize their geographic distribution to determine which Canadians are particularly at risk. In this review, we summarize the history of emergence of LD in North America, our current knowledge of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto diversity, its intriguing origins in the ecology and evolution of the bacterium, and its importance for the epidemiology and clinical and laboratory diagnosis of LD. We propose methods for investigating associations between B. burgdorferi sensu stricto diversity, ecology, and pathogenicity and for developing predictive tools to guide public health interventions. We also highlight the emergence of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto in Canada as a unique opportunity for exploring the evolutionary aspects of tick-borne pathogen emergence.

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Molecular Typing ofBorrelia burgdorferi

Cited by 47 publications

References 96 publications

Identification of a novel pathogenic Borrelia species causing Lyme borreliosis with unusually high spirochaetaemia: a descriptive study

Identification of a novel pathogenic Borrelia species causing Lyme borreliosis with unusually high spirochaetaemia: a descriptive study

PubMLST.org – The new home for the Borrelia MLSA database

Evolutionary Aspects of Emerging Lyme Disease in Canada

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