Molecular Verification of New World<i>Mansonella perstans</i>Parasitemias

Silva, Lucyane Bastos Tavares da; Crainey, James Lee; Silva, Túllio Romão Ribeiro da; Suwa, Uziel Ferreira; Vicente, Ana Carolina Paulo; Medeiros, Jansen Fernandes; Pessoa, Felipe Arley Costa; Luz, Sérgio Luíz Bessa

doi:10.3201/eid2303.161159

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Thus far almost all the molecular tools that have been developed to assist with filarial parasite research have been based on the PCR amplification and sequencing of a few select mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA taxonomic marker sequences 2 , 3 . In the field of mansonellosis research tools of this type have been used to: confirm the existence of M. perstans in Latin America 11 ; invalidate the legitimacy of reports of a-typical forms of M. ozzardi parasites 8 , 30 , 37 and to reveal the existence of a previously unrecognised subspecies of M. perstans , e.g. M. perstans “deux” 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mitochondrial genes have been used extensively for diagnostics, systematics and population studies 7 – 11 . The haploid nature and fast rate of evolution of the CO1 gene has made it a particularly popular target for these studies and for these reasons also the target of an international DNA barcoding project that has been widely used for molecular taxonomy 12 , 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mansonella ozzardi mitogenome and pseudogene characterisation provides new perspectives on filarial parasite systematics and CO-1 barcoding

Crainey

Abanto

Silva

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Despite the broad distribution of M. ozzardi in Latin America and the Caribbean, there is still very little DNA sequence data available to study this neglected parasite’s epidemiology. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences, especially the cytochrome oxidase (CO1) gene’s barcoding region, have been targeted successfully for filarial diagnostics and for epidemiological, ecological and evolutionary studies. MtDNA-based studies can, however, be compromised by unrecognised mitochondrial pseudogenes, such as Numts. Here, we have used shot-gun Illumina-HiSeq sequencing to recover the first complete Mansonella genus mitogenome and to identify several mitochondrial-origin pseudogenes. Mitogenome phylogenetic analysis placed M. ozzardi in the Onchocercidae “ONC5” clade and suggested that Mansonella parasites are more closely related to Wuchereria and Brugia genera parasites than they are to Loa genus parasites. DNA sequence alignments, BLAST searches and conceptual translations have been used to compliment phylogenetic analysis showing that M. ozzardi from the Amazon and Caribbean regions are near-identical and that previously reported Peruvian M. ozzardi CO1 reference sequences are probably of pseudogene origin. In addition to adding a much-needed resource to the Mansonella genus’s molecular tool-kit and providing evidence that some M. ozzardi CO1 sequence deposits are pseudogenes, our results suggest that all Neotropical M. ozzardi parasites are closely related.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mansonella ozzardi mitogenome and pseudogene characterisation provides new perspectives on filarial parasite systematics and CO-1 barcoding

Crainey

Abanto

Silva

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“… 48 – 57 Although these mitochondrial and rDNA phylogenetic studies and more recent multilocus sequence typing challenged traditional morphology-based phylogenies of the species within the family Onchocercidae, 58 none has hitherto challenged the morphology-based genus Mansonella proposed by Eberhard and Orihel in 1984, from which the modern use of the term “mansonellosis” has arisen. 16 , 17 , 50 , 54 – 60 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mansonellosis: current perspectives

Ta‐Tang

Crainey

Post

et al. 2018

RRTM

161

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Mansonellosis is a filarial disease caused by three species of filarial (nematode) parasites (Mansonella perstans, Mansonella streptocerca, and Mansonella ozzardi) that use humans as their main definitive hosts. These parasites are transmitted from person to person by bloodsucking females from two families of flies (Diptera). Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) transmit all three species of Mansonella, but blackflies (Simuliidae) are also known to play a role in the transmission of M. ozzardi in parts of Latin America. M. perstans and M. streptocerca are endemic in western, eastern, and central Africa, and M. perstans is also present in the neotropical region from equatorial Brazil to the Caribbean coast. M. ozzardi has a patchy distribution in Latin America and the Caribbean. Mansonellosis infections are thought to have little pathogenicity and to be almost always asymptomatic, but occasionally causing itching, joint pains, enlarged lymph glands, and vague abdominal symptoms. In Brazil, M. ozzardi infections are also associated with corneal lesions. Diagnosis is usually performed by detecting microfilariae in peripheral blood or skin without any periodicity. There is no standard treatment at present for mansonellosis. The combination therapy of diethylcarbamazine plus mebendazole for M. perstans microfilaremia is presently one of the most widely used, but the use of ivermectin has also been proven to be very effective against microfilariae. Recently, doxycycline has shown excellent efficacy and safety when used as an antimicrobial against endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria harbored by some strains of M. perstans and M. ozzardi. Diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin have been used effectively to treat M. streptocerca infection. There are at present no estimates of the disease burden caused by mansonellosis, and thus its importance to many global health professionals and policy makers is presently limited to how it can interfere with diagnostic tools used in modern filarial disease control and elimination programs aimed at other species of filariae.

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“…streptocerca , which is endemic to Africa; M . perstans , which is commonly found in Africa but also occurs in South America [ 6 ]; and M . ozzardi , which is found exclusively in Latin America and the Caribbean islands [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD39 and immune regulation in a chronic helminth infection: The puzzling case of Mansonella ozzardi

et al. 2018

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BackgroundChronic helminth infections typically induce an immunoregulatory environment, with markedly reduced immune responses to both parasite-specific and unrelated bystander antigens. Here we tested whether these changes are also observed in human infections with Mansonella ozzardi, a neglected filarial nematode widely distributed across Latin America.MethodsCD4+ T cell populations from microfilaremic (Fil+) and uninfected (Fil-) inhabitants in M. ozzardi-endemic riverine communities in Brazil were characterized by flow cytometry analysis. Plasma concentrations of a wide range of cytokines and chemokines were measured. We examined whether M. ozzardi infection is associated with suppressed in vitro lymphoproliferative and inflammatory cytokine responses upon stimulation with filarial antigen, unrelated antigens or mitogens.Principal findings/ConclusionsFil+ subjects had lower plasma levels of selected inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6, than their Fil- counterparts. However, we found no evidence for attenuated T-cell responses to filarial antigens or co-endemic pathogens, such as malaria parasites and Toxoplasma gondii. CD4+ T cells expressing CD39, an ectonucleosidase involved in the generation of the anti-inflammatory molecule adenosine, were increased in frequency in Fil+ subjects, compared to uninfected controls. Significantly, such an expansion was directly proportional to microfilarial loads. Surprisingly, CD39 blocking with a neutralizing antibody suppressed antigen-driven lymphoproliferation in vitro, while decreasing inflammatory cytokine responses, in Fil+ and Fil- individuals. These findings suggest that circulating CD4+ CD39+ T cells comprise subsets with both regulatory and stimulatory roles that contribute to the immune homeostasis in chronic M. ozzardi infection.

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Molecular Verification of New WorldMansonella perstansParasitemias

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

Mansonella ozzardi mitogenome and pseudogene characterisation provides new perspectives on filarial parasite systematics and CO-1 barcoding

Mansonella ozzardi mitogenome and pseudogene characterisation provides new perspectives on filarial parasite systematics and CO-1 barcoding

Mansonellosis: current perspectives

CD39 and immune regulation in a chronic helminth infection: The puzzling case of Mansonella ozzardi

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