Molecular virology of ruminant herpesviruses

Schwyzer, Martin; Ackermann, Mathias

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(96)01231-x

Cited by 139 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…1) [138,139,222,223]. IEtu1 encodes BICP0, BICP4 [87,178]. Circ, a less abundant transcript, arises from the activation of IEtu1 promoter across the junction of circularized genome and is expressed throughout the viral cycle [50,51].…”

Section: Bohv-1 Replication In the Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

et al. 2007

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-Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), classified as an alphaherpesvirus, is a major pathogen of cattle. Primary infection is accompanied by various clinical manifestations such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, abortion, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, and systemic infection in neonates. When animals survive, a life-long latent infection is established in nervous sensory ganglia. Several reactivation stimuli can lead to viral re-excretion, which is responsible for the maintenance of BoHV-1 within a cattle herd. This paper focuses on an updated pathogenesis based on a molecular characterization of BoHV-1 and the description of the virus cycle. Special emphasis is accorded to the impact of the latency and reactivation cycle on the epidemiology and the control of BoHV-1. Several European countries have initiated BoHV-1 eradication schemes because of the significant losses incurred by disease and trading restrictions. The vaccines used against BoHV-1 are described in this context where the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals is of critical importance to achieve BoHV-1 eradication.

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Section: Bohv-1 Replication In the Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite a guanine and cytosine (GC) content as high as 72%, the entire BoHV-1 sequence was already completed by an international cooperation project in 1995 [91,107,130,178,179,186,213] (Genbank accession number AJ004801). This useful database is a composite sequence obtained from different BoHV-1 strain backgrounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

et al. 2007

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“…The genome of ruminant alphaherpesviruses consists of a double-stranded linear DNA. Like the other alphaherpesviruses belonging to the Varicellovirus genus, it contains an arrangement of one long unique unit (U L ) and one short unique unit (U S ) flanked by two inverted repeat sequences, named internal repeat (IR) and terminal repeat (TR) [112] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Morphology and Genomic Organisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genomes of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 have been sequenced [26,79,112]. The BoHV-5 genome is 138 390 bp long (72% G+C content), with 2 518 bp more than BoHV-1 (75% G+C content).…”

Section: Genomic Comparison Between Ruminant Alphaherpesvirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminant alphaherpesviruses related to bovine herpesvirus 1

et al. 2006

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-Herpesviruses have mainly co-evolved with their hosts for millions of years. Consequently, different related host species may have been infected by various genetically related herpesviruses. Illustrating this concept, several ruminant alphaherpesviruses have been shown to form a cluster of viruses closely related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1): namely bovine herpesvirus 5, bubaline herpesvirus 1, caprine herpesvirus 1, cervid herpesviruses 1 and 2 and elk herpesvirus 1. These viruses share common antigenic properties and the serological relationships between them can be considered as a threat to BoHV-1 eradication programmes. BoHV-1 is a herpesvirus responsible for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, which is a disease of major economic concern. In this article, the genetic properties of these ruminant alphaherpesviruses are reviewed on a comparative basis and the issue of interspecific recombination is assessed. The pathogenesis of these infections is described with emphasis on the host range and crossing of the host species barrier. Indeed, the non bovine ruminant species susceptible to these ruminant alphaherpesviruses may be potential BoHV-1 reservoirs. The differential diagnosis of these related infections is also discussed. In addition, available epidemiological data are used to assess the potential of cross-infection in ruminant populations. A better knowledge of these ruminant alphaherpesvirus infections is essential to successfully control infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.

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“…Surrounding the capsid is a layer of globular material, known as the tegument, which is enclosed by a typical lipoprotein envelope with numerous small glycoprotein spikes [12]. BHV-1 genome codes for 33 structural proteins, 13 of which are probably associated with the envelope [10] and ten of these have the potential to encode glycoproteins [30]. The virus can be differentiated into subtypes 1.1 responsible for causing IBR and 1.2 further subdivided into 1.2a and 1.2b responsible for causing IPV/ IPB [17].…”

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confidence: 99%

Glycoprotein C Gene Based Molecular Subtyping of a Bovine Herpesvirus -1 Isolate from Uttar Pradesh, India

et al. 2012

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Bovine herpesvirus -1 (BHV-1) is the etiological agent of many clinical syndromes in cattle which causes huge economic losses to the animal husbandry sector annually. Since the first report of its presence in India in 1976, the disease is considered to be endemic in the country. In the present study, a case of keratoconjunctivitis in a cow was investigated to find out the underlying cause of the condition. The clinical material (ocular swab) was tested by BHV-1 glycoprotein D gene specific PCR using in house designed primers and found to be positive by the presence of a 212 bp DNA product in agarose gel electrophoresis. The virus was isolated in MDBK cell line in the third passage and the serum from the animal, was positive for antibodies against BHV-1 by ELISA. A 575 bp segment of the glycoprotein C gene of the isolate was amplified by PCR, cloned and sequenced. On phylogenetic analysis, it was seen that the sequence matched with published BHV-1.1 sequences from USA and Uruguay whereas it was divergent from Brazilian BHV-1.1 isolates. This study highlights the isolation, rapid and sensitive detection of BHV-1 virus from clinical cases and its subtyping by nucleotide sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis which gives invaluable information about the molecular epidemiology of BHV-1 subtypes prevalent in the country.

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Molecular virology of ruminant herpesviruses

Cited by 139 publications

References 74 publications

Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

Ruminant alphaherpesviruses related to bovine herpesvirus 1

Glycoprotein C Gene Based Molecular Subtyping of a Bovine Herpesvirus -1 Isolate from Uttar Pradesh, India

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