Molecularly engineered photocatalyst sheet for scalable solar formate production from carbon dioxide and water

Wang, Qian; Warnan, Julien; Rodríguez‐Jiménez, Santiago; Leung, Jane J.; Kalathil, Shafeer; Andrei, Virgil; Domen, Kazunari; Reisner, Erwin

doi:10.1038/s41560-020-0678-6

Cited by 185 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…There are many examples of photocatalysts that can carry out CO 2 reduction, or water oxidation, in the presence of sacrificial electron donors or acceptors, [11][12][13] but relatively few that can carry out both half reactions efficiently. [14] Photoelectrochemical (PEC) conversion of CO 2 (Figure 1a) represents an alternative approach where the cathode for CO 2 reduction is also a light absorbing material and analyses indicate that PEC CO 2 reduction may offer a balance between cost/complexity of system and efficiency. [15][16][17][18][19] Here we review a particular class of CO 2 reduction photocathodes: hybrid materials composed of a selective molecular electrocatalyst and either a light-absorbing semiconductor electrode or a dye-sensitised electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Photocathodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction: Interfaces for Charge Separation and Selective Catalysis

Neri

Cowan

2021

ChemPhotoChem

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Light‐driven carbon dioxide reduction at photocathodes was first reported over 40 years ago, however the efficiency and stability of the state‐of‐the‐art lies behind water splitting photocathodes and photoanodes. Issues have included the low selectivities towards carbon dioxide reduction (versus hydrogen evolution) and short charge separation lifetimes. “Hybrid” photocathodes, where a light absorbing semiconductor is used with a selective molecular electrocatalyst, are now emerging as a promising way to address these issues. Here we provide a review of hybrid photoelectrodes reported for CO2 reduction. Focusing on the semiconductor/molecular catalyst interface, we evaluate the operating principles and design features of the materials reported to date and propose new directions for the field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Photocathodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction: Interfaces for Charge Separation and Selective Catalysis

Neri

Cowan

2021

ChemPhotoChem

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“…Such systems are characterized by low‐cost materials (as low as $2 m −2[ 109 ] ) and advantages for scale‐up, as the pH gradients generated by operation are neutralized locally, while the absence of external circuitry and long ionic diffusion lengths lead to negligible IR drops across the device. [ 118 ] The last decade has seen remarkable advances, such as the advent of “photocatalyst sheet” devices produced using a technique known as particle transfer. [ 119 ] Here, particles are embedded within a conducting mediator.…”

Section: Principles Of Pec Water Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Inorganic Photoelectrode Developments and Reactor Scale‐Up Challenges for Solar Hydrogen Production

Moss

Babacan

Kafizas

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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Green hydrogen, produced using solar energy, is a promising means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting devices can produce hydrogen using sunlight and integrate the distinct functions of photovoltaics and electrolyzers in a single device. There is flexibility in the degree of integration between these electrical and chemical energy generating components, and so a plethora of archetypal PEC device designs has emerged. Although some materials have effectively been ruled out for use in commercial PEC devices, many principles of material design and synthesis have been learned. Here, the fundamental requirements of PEC materials, the top performances of the most widely studied inorganic photoelectrode materials, and reactor structures reported for unassisted solar water splitting are revisited. The main phenomena limiting the performance of up‐scaled PEC devices are discussed, showing that engineering must be considered in parallel with material development for the future piloting of PEC water splitting systems. To establish the future commercial viability of this technology, more accurate techno‐economic analyses should be carried out using data from larger scale demonstrations, and hence more durable and efficient PEC systems need to be developed that meet the challenges imposed from both material and engineering perspectives.

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“…On the whole, the fabrication of a scalable and cost‐effective LDH‐based photocatalyst with adequate efficiency and durability is predominant before commercial deployment is possible in future. [ 215 ] From the literature survey, coprecipitation is the most common method for the synthesis of LDH as it is a simple process and is easy to scale up for industrial use. However, it suffers from poor crystallinity and impurity.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Prospectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Layered Double Hydroxide–Based Photocatalysts Toward Artificial Photosynthesis: State‐of‐the‐Art Progress and Prospects

Lau

Ong

2021

Solar RRL

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Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is a class of 2D nanomaterials, which endows auspicious properties for ameliorating the photocatalytic performance in the realm of solar‐to‐chemical production stemming from the chemical versatility of their host layers. However, pristine LDH suffers from slow charge‐carrier mobility, high rate of electron–hole recombination as well as a tendency to agglomerate, rendering them unbefitting for practical use. Due to the aforementioned bottlenecks, structural modifications such as thickness tuning, cocatalyst incorporation, semiconductor coupling, and ternary heterostructure engineering have been extensively investigated to elucidate a new lease of landscape to the burgeoning potential of LDHs toward artificial photosynthesis. This review summarizes a panorama of state‐of‐the‐art advancements related to the synthesis and modification of LDH‐based nanocomposites for enhanced physicochemical properties toward boosted photocatalysis. Particularly, their progress in versatile energy applications in photocatalytic water splitting (hydrogen and oxygen evolution), and nitrogen and carbon dioxide reduction reactions will be systematically presented. Insights into band structures, electronic properties, and charge‐carrier dynamics of LDH‐based nanostructures will be discussed to unravel the structure–performance relationship. Finally, this review will prospect the invigorating prospectives and opportunities in engineering next‐generation LDH‐based photocatalysts with augmented performances to pave new inroads at the forefront of this research.

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Molecularly engineered photocatalyst sheet for scalable solar formate production from carbon dioxide and water

Cited by 185 publications

References 47 publications

Hybrid Photocathodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction: Interfaces for Charge Separation and Selective Catalysis

Hybrid Photocathodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction: Interfaces for Charge Separation and Selective Catalysis

A Review of Inorganic Photoelectrode Developments and Reactor Scale‐Up Challenges for Solar Hydrogen Production

Engineering Layered Double Hydroxide–Based Photocatalysts Toward Artificial Photosynthesis: State‐of‐the‐Art Progress and Prospects

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