Molecularly Engineered Room-Temperature Phosphorescence for Biomedical Application: From the Visible toward Second Near-Infrared Window

Chang, Baisong; Chen, Jie; Bao, Jiasheng; Sun, Taolei; Cheng, Zhen

doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00401

Cited by 33 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 573 publications

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“…This compound exhibited an excellent photodynamic therapy effect in killing tumors in mice. Additional examples and advancements in these biomedical applications can be found in the referenced reviews. − …”

Section: Phosphorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Versatile Uses of Triplet States: Working Principles, Limitations, and Recent Progress in Phosphorescence, TADF, and TTA

Franca,

Bossanyi,

Clark

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Opt. Mater.

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Triplet excited states in organic semiconductors are usually optically dark and long-lived as they have a spin-forbidden transition to the singlet ground state and therefore hinder processes in light-harvesting applications. Also, triplets often cause damage to the system as they can sensitize the formation of reactive singlet oxygen. Despite these unfavorable characteristics, there exist mechanisms through which we can utilize triplet states, and that constitutes the scope of this review. Commencing with an introductory short exploration of the triplet state problem, we proceed to elucidate the principal mechanisms underpinning the utilization of triplet states in organic materials: 1. Phosphorescence (PH), 2. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF), and 3. Triplet−Triplet Annihilation (TTA). In each section we unveil their working principles, highlight their vast range of applications, and discuss their limitations and perspectives. We dedicate special attention to the use of these mechanisms in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), given that OLEDs represent the most thriving commercial application of organic semiconductors. This review aims to provide readers with insights and opportunities to engage with and contribute to the study of photophysical properties and device physics of organic semiconductors, especially regarding harnessing the potential of triplet states.

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Section: Phosphorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Versatile Uses of Triplet States: Working Principles, Limitations, and Recent Progress in Phosphorescence, TADF, and TTA

Franca,

Bossanyi,

Clark

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Opt. Mater.

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“…Owing to its applications in bioimaging, [6] night vision cameras and sensors, [7] NIR RTP is a highly sought after functional property. RTP in the NIR‐II (1000–1700 nm) region is particularly suitable for bioimaging due to its low background autofluorescence, high spatial resolution, and deep tissue penetration [6c,8] . Although large π‐conjugated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), i.e.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Room‐Temperature Near‐Infrared Phosphorescence from C₆₄ Nanographene Tetraimide by π‐Stacking Complexation with Platinum Porphyrin

Niyas,

Garain,

Shoyama

et al. 2024

Angewandte Chemie

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Near‐Infrared (NIR) phosphorescence at room temperature is challenging to achieve for organic molecules due to negligible spin–orbit coupling and a low energy gap leading to fast non‐radiative transitions. Here, we show a supramolecular host–guest strategy to harvest the energy from the low‐lying triplet state of C64 nanographene tetraimide 1. 1H NMR and X‐ray analysis confirmed the 1:2 stoichiometric binding of a Pt(II) porphyrin on the two π‐surfaces of 1. While the free 1 does not show emission in the NIR, the host–guest complex solution shows NIR phosphorescence at 77 K. Further, between 860–1100 nm, room temperature NIR phosphorescence (λmax = 900 nm, τavg = 142 µs) was observed for a solid‐state sample drop‐casted from a preformed complex in solution. Theoretical calculations reveal a non‐zero spin–orbit coupling between isoenergetic S1 and T3 of π‐stacked [1·Pt(II) porphyrin] complex. External heavy‐atom‐induced spin–orbit coupling along with rigidification and protection from oxygen in the solid‐state promotes both the intersystem crossing from the first excited singlet state into the triplet manifold and the NIR phosphorescence from the lowest triplet state of 1.

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Activatable Janus Nanoparticles for Precise NIR‐II Bioimaging and Synergistic Cancer Therapy

Bao,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Despite multifunctional theranostics hold vast potential in deep tissue bioimaging and tumor therapy, activatable nanomedicine with integration of precise diagnosis and effective treatment is usually achieved at the cost of complicated synthesis chemistries. Here, a facile way to design bioresponsive Ag2S‐Ag Janus probes coated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) (denoted as AAP) is showed, active in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm). In tumor microenvironment, Ag part can yield hydroxyl radicals (·OH) by consuming H2O2 for high‐efficiency chemodynamic therapy (CDT), while Ag2S part has impressive photothermal therapy (PTT). The synergistic benefits from Ag and Ag2S parts further boosted CDT effect of AAP Janus probes with high photothermal conversion efficiency up to 56.8%. Moreover, multiple lines of evidence supported that extremely faint fluorescence of AAP Janus probes can be significantly activated by overexpressed levels of H2O2, showing bright NIR‐II emission at ≈1270 nm with over 5.6 × 103‐fold increase in signal intensity. AAP Janus probes are easily activatable for NIR‐II imaging for tumor‐specific identification, and effectively ablate tumor tissues with tumor inhibition rate of 96.2%. This study expects that AAP Janus probe will open up a new route to achieve precise tumor diagnosis and treatment in the NIR‐II window.

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Molecularly Engineered Room-Temperature Phosphorescence for Biomedical Application: From the Visible toward Second Near-Infrared Window

Cited by 33 publications

References 573 publications

Exploring the Versatile Uses of Triplet States: Working Principles, Limitations, and Recent Progress in Phosphorescence, TADF, and TTA

Exploring the Versatile Uses of Triplet States: Working Principles, Limitations, and Recent Progress in Phosphorescence, TADF, and TTA

Room‐Temperature Near‐Infrared Phosphorescence from C₆₄ Nanographene Tetraimide by π‐Stacking Complexation with Platinum Porphyrin

Activatable Janus Nanoparticles for Precise NIR‐II Bioimaging and Synergistic Cancer Therapy

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Molecularly Engineered Room-Temperature Phosphorescence for Biomedical Application: From the Visible toward Second Near-Infrared Window

Cited by 33 publications

References 573 publications

Exploring the Versatile Uses of Triplet States: Working Principles, Limitations, and Recent Progress in Phosphorescence, TADF, and TTA

Exploring the Versatile Uses of Triplet States: Working Principles, Limitations, and Recent Progress in Phosphorescence, TADF, and TTA

Room‐Temperature Near‐Infrared Phosphorescence from C64 Nanographene Tetraimide by π‐Stacking Complexation with Platinum Porphyrin

Activatable Janus Nanoparticles for Precise NIR‐II Bioimaging and Synergistic Cancer Therapy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Room‐Temperature Near‐Infrared Phosphorescence from C₆₄ Nanographene Tetraimide by π‐Stacking Complexation with Platinum Porphyrin