Molecularly imprinted polymer-based chemiluminescence imaging assay for the determination of ethopabate residues in chicken muscle

Abstract

A new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-chemiluminescence (CL) method has been developed for the detection of ethopabate (ETP) residues in chicken muscle. The MIP microspheres were prepared using precipitation polymerization with ETP as a template, methacrylic acid as a functional monomer and pentaerythritol triacrylate as a cross-linker in the porogen of acetonitrile. The prepared MIP microspheres were characterized by using a scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimeter and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The binding properties of ETP on the imprinted polymers were evaluated by the equilibrium rebinding experiment. It was revealed that two classes of binding sites were produced in the resulting ETP MIPs with the dissociation constants of 23.92 mg L À1 and 77.82 mg L À1 , and the affinity binding sites of 8808.28 mg g À1 and 14 043.90 mg g À1 , respectively. As the artificial biomimetic recognition element for ETP, the polymer microspheres were immobilized in microtiter plates (96 wells) with poly(vinyl alcohol) as a glue. Through the optimization of the MIP absorption and CL imaging conditions, ETP was quantified based on the peroxyoxalate CL reaction enhanced by imidazole. Under the optimum conditions, the relative CL intensity has a linear relationship with the ETP concentration in the range of 0.1 mg mL À1 to 30 mg mL À1 , with a limit of detection of 14.7 mg kg À1 and a limit of qualification of 20.4 mg kg À1 in chicken muscle. The recoveries of spiked ETP are in the range of 99.80% to 99.98% with a relative standard deviation of 1.7% to 3.4%. For the first time, the CL method combined with MIPs was developed to determine trace ETP in real samples, and the results show that it can become a useful analytical tool for quick detection in residue analysis.

All Eyes on Visible‐Light Peroxyoxalate Chemiluminescence Read‐Out Systems

“…This methodw as first developed by Li et al for the determination of ethopabate residues in chicken muscles. [40] Further applications were found for the detection of Sudan dyes in eggs [41] as well as tetracyclines in milk. [42] The vast range of applications of molecular imprinted polymers for sensing and separation reachesf urthert han the scope of this contribution.F or further information,w erefer to recent reviews on the topic.…”

“…This method was first developed by Li et al. for the determination of ethopabate residues in chicken muscles . Further applications were found for the detection of Sudan dyes in eggs as well as tetracyclines in milk .…”

Development of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening ethopabate residue in chicken muscle and liver

“…The concentration of ETP in the real sample was calculated with the standard curve obtained with the standard substance. 12…”

“…So far, the antibody-based ic-ELISA is generally believed to be a highly sensitive, specic and reliable method compared to detection based on other recognition elements, such as molecular imprinting polymers and aptamers. 12,13 To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been published regarding the preparation of a monoclonal antibody against ETP or the development of an immunoassay for simultaneous screening of ETP residues in edible animal tissues.…”

Detecting food authenticity and integrity

“…Of course, many other approaches in addition to spectroscopy are as expected very much in evidence within the collection, such as mass spectrometry and/or chromatographic techniques; [11][12][13] genomics, [14][15][16][17] with at least one of these articles concerning the detection of horse DNA in meats, 16 ELISA, [18][19][20] as well as molecular imprinted polymer-based chemiluminescence. 21 As this collection is dedicated to showcasing detection methods for food authenticity and integrity, it covers a broad range of equally important areas in addition to those dedicated to food fraud/adulteration, such as the measurement of compounds as food quality indicators, as in the case of a cyclic aldehyde for honey for example, 22 whereas others focus on contamination by unwanted compounds, whether this contamination is intentional or inadvertent, and this is exemplied via an especially relevant, timely, and important Critical Review on supply chain risk and the urgent analytical needs required for food allergens 23 Other articles concerned with chemical contaminants include, perhaps not surprisingly, those on the detection of the now infamous plasticizer melamine, 9 pesticides, 13 hazardous dyes, 11 fungicides, 19 drug and preservative residues, 18,21 multiple adulterants of milk, including chloride, starch and sucrose, 24 as well as heterocyclic aromatic amines formed when heating protein-rich foods, 12 the latter having received considerable attention and debate of late due to the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of the compounds concerned. Of course foods can be subject to bacterial contamination (as well as spoilage) and the detection of perhaps two of the most well-known foodborne pathogens, Salmonella species 20 and Campylobacter spp.…”