Molecularly imprinting: a tool of modern chemistry for analysis and monitoring of phenolic environmental estrogens

Abstract

Phenolic environmental estrogen (PEE) is one of the most common endocrine disrupting chemicals whose interference with the normal function of the endocrine system in animals and humans raised concern to their potential impact on wildlife and humans health. Research on PEEs calls for a high selectivity analytical methods. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymers having a predetermined selectivity for a given analyte, or group of structurally related compounds, which make them ideal materials to be used in analysis of PEEs. During the past few years, a huge amount of papers have been published dealing with the use of MIPs in the analysis of PEEs. In this review, we focus on the recent applications of MIPs to analyze PEEs. We describe the preparation of MIPs and discuss different methods of polymerization. We highlight the latest applications of MIPs in the analysis of PEEs, including nanomaterial MIPs as sorbent for solidphase extraction and MIPs as electrochemical sensors. This review provides a good platform for the analysis and monitoring of PEEs in complicated matrixes and offers suggestions for future success in the field of MIPs.

Evaluation of porogen factors for the preparation of ion imprinted polymer monoliths used in mercury removal

“…Further, acetonitrile as an aprotic polar solvent can produce large pores and high surface area which in most cases may be unstable and does not support for the stability of Hg(II) ions inside the pores. For this reason, a mixture of porogens (binary porogen) with a suitable ratio is adopted for tuning the solubility, polarity and ability to generate the stable pores with improved surface areas of monolithic polymers [ 11 , 18 ]. From the table, it is clear that the IIPMs formed in the presence of a binary mixture are with higher surface areas as compared to the ones that were prepared using a single porogen.…”

Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Poly(methacrylic acid) Grafted on Iniferter-Modified Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by Living-Radical Polymerization for 17β-Estradiol Extraction

“…Thermodynamic Studies. In order to study the effect of temperature on E2 adsorption onto the nanocomposite, isotherms at different temperatures (25,30,35, and 40 °C) were performed at the same conditions as the adsorption isotherm described in Section 2.7. Thermodynamics parameters such as enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) regarding the adsorption of E2 onto the MIP/ MWCNT nanocomposite were investigated from 25.0 mg L −1 E2 solutions.…”

“…29,31 Therefore, MIPs have been widely used as a very efficient material in SPE procedure due to their intrinsic selectivity, mainly in complex samples as environmental matrices, where contaminants are present in a mixture. 30 Owing to its simplicity, one of the most common procedures for MIPs synthesis is the bulk polymerization, but this procedure suffers from obtaining irregular particles in size and a reduced number of selective binding sites. Thus, the combination of CNTs and MIPs in one single material makes possible to obtain imprinted nanocomposite with the high surface area, high imprinted sites/volume ratio due to the nanoscale and the quick mass transfer of analyte toward the selective binding sites, unlike the MIP synthesized by the bulk method.…”

“…These specific sites are formed by copolymerization process involving cross-linkers and functional monomers and an imprinted molecule based usually on noncovalent bonds . After polymerization, the template molecule is removed and the specific site is available for the association of the target molecule. , Therefore, MIPs have been widely used as a very efficient material in SPE procedure due to their intrinsic selectivity, mainly in complex samples as environmental matrices, where contaminants are present in a mixture . Owing to its simplicity, one of the most common procedures for MIPs synthesis is the bulk polymerization, but this procedure suffers from obtaining irregular particles in size and a reduced number of selective binding sites.…”

Application of Molecular Imprinting for Creation of Highly Selective Sorbents for Extraction and Separation of Rare-Earth Elements

“…Thus, an MIP is essentially a solid matrix with artificial receptors of the template molecule capable of repeated highly specific interaction with it or with its analogue [ 54 ]. Schematically, the process of obtaining an MIP is shown in Figure 2 [ 55 ].…”