Molecules support morphology: species status of South Indian populations of the widely distributed Hanuman langur

Ashalakshmi, N. C.; Nag, K. S. Chetan; Karanth, K. Praveen

doi:10.1007/s10592-014-0638-4

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This region is also the southern boundary for the eastern Highland moist‐deciduous forests (Olson et al ). While the Krishna river (south of the Godavari) was a significant barrier for a widely distributed primate, the Hanuman Langur, (Nag et al , Ashalakshmi et al ), Ripley and Beehler () implicate the wider Godavari as a barrier in the eastern Ghats at the species‐level for birds, and our subspecies analyses further support this inference. We suggest that the Godavari is biogeographically unique because it is a physical and climatic barrier.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…We suggest that the Godavari is biogeographically unique because it is a physical and climatic barrier. Additionally, this region Langur, (Nag et al 2011, Ashalakshmi et al 2015, Ripley and Beehler (1990) implicate the wider Godavari as a barrier in the eastern Ghats at the species-level for birds, and our climatic shifts between wet and dry could cause these patterns. Second, our analyses could provide insights into the routes of colonization of some species.…”

Section: What Correlates With the Biogeographic Divides?mentioning

confidence: 89%

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Climatic and geographic barriers drive distributional patterns of bird phenotypes within peninsular India

Ramachandran

Robin

Tamma

et al. 2017

Journal of Avian Biology

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Modern phylogenetic data provide unparalleled ability to test biogeographic paradigms, often suggested by differences in species distribution patterns. However, such approaches have been applied less at regional scales, particularly in Asia. In the absence of such data, we examine if concordance of distributional patterns for phenotypes (subspecies) suggest potential biogeographic barriers for birds in peninsular India. Specifically, we examine climatic and physical factors that might limit phenotype distributions in this region. Various physical, vegetation and climatic barriers were demarcated to identify potential biogeographic units within peninsular India. We then collated occurrence of endemic or disjunctly distributed species and subspecies within these units using published range maps. We also quantified turnover between potential units, allowing us to identify significant biogeographic barriers. Three time‐step climate data (Last Glacial Maxima, mid‐Holocene and present) enabled us to examine differences between these potential biogeographic regions through time. The Palk Straits, followed by the Goa Gap (∼ 16°N) and the Godavari River emerged as the major barriers in this region. The Palk Straits and Godavari are physical barriers while Goa Gap appears to be a climate‐mediated ecological divide. Mountain barriers like the Palghat Gap are not the most significant barriers as previously thought. Climatically intermediate regions appeared unstable in the past and showed inconsistent affinities to different geographic units across families. We suggest that relative climatic stability of the wet regions of the southern western Ghats could be responsible for high subspecies endemism here. Our approach provides hypotheses that can be tested with comparative multi‐species phylogeographic data in the future.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: What Correlates With the Biogeographic Divides?mentioning

confidence: 89%

Climatic and geographic barriers drive distributional patterns of bird phenotypes within peninsular India

Ramachandran

Robin

Tamma

et al. 2017

Journal of Avian Biology

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“…The Tapti-Godavari rivers in central India form the borderline with NT distributed to the north and ST distributed to the south of these rivers (Roonwal, 1979, 1984). Recent studies support the splitting of ST Hanuman langur into two species, namely S. priam and S. hypoleucos , based on an integrative approach wherein multiple lines of evidence from molecular, morphological and ecological data were used (Ashalakshmi, Nag, & Karanth, 2014; Nag, Karanth, & Vasudeva, 2014; Nag, Pramod, & Karanth, 2011). Similarly, genetic and morphological data suggest that the plains population of NT Hanuman langur is a separate species, S. entellus (Karanth, Singh, & Stewart, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the advent of molecular techniques many recent studies have used genetic data to resolve taxonomic ambiguities in primates of the Indian subcontinent (Arekar, Parigi, & Karanth, 2019; Ashalakshmi et al, 2014; Chakraborty, Ramakrishnan, Panor, Mishra, & Sinha, 2007; Karanth, Singh, Collura, & Stewart, 2008; Karanth et al, 2010; Osterholz, Walter, & Roos, 2008; Wangchuk, Inouye, & Hare, 2008). However, the use of molecular data does not guarantee a robust description and identification (Will, Mishler, & Wheeler, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative taxonomy confirms the species status of the Himalayan langurs, Semnopithecus schistaceus Hodgson 1840

Arekar

Sathyakumar

Karanth³

2019

Preprint

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7Taxonomy is replete with groups where the species identity and classification remain 8 unresolved. One such group is the widely distributed Hanuman langur (Colobinae: 9 Semnopithecus). For most part of the last century, Hanuman langur was considered to be a 1 0 single species with multiple subspecies. Nevertheless, recent studies using an integrative 1 1 taxonomy approach suggested that this taxon is a complex, with at least three species. 2However, these studies did not include the Himalayan population of the Hanuman langur 1 3 whose taxonomic status remains unresolved. The Himalayan population of Hanuman langurs 1 4 have been classified as a distinct species with multiple subspecies or have been subsumed 1 5 into other species. These classification schemes are wholly based on morphological 1 6 characters and which are sometimes insufficient to delimit different species. Here, we have 1 7integrated data from multiple sources viz. morphology, DNA, and ecology to resolve the 1 8 taxonomy of the Himalayan langur and to understand its distribution limit. Our results with 1 9 three lines of evidence corresponding to three different species concepts show that Himalayan 2 0 langur is a distinct species from S. entellus of the plains. Additionally, these results did not 2 1 show any support for splitting of the Himalayan langur into multiple subspecies. Our study 2 2 supports the classification proposed by Hill (1939) and we recommend Semnopithecus 2 3 schitaceus, Hodgson 1840 as species name for the Himalayan langur and subsume all the 2 4 known subspecies into it. 2 5 2 6

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“…Among the Asian colobines, Semnopithecus and Trachypithecus , are the most species rich genera distributed in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia (SEA) respectively. There has been much ambiguity in the taxonomy of these two genera (Brandon-Jones et al, 2004; Davies & Oates, 1994; Groves, 2001); however, with the advent of molecular tools many of these issues have been resolved(Ashalakshmi, Nag, & Karanth, 2014; Karanth, 2008; Karanth, Singh, Collura, & Stewart, 2008). Nevertheless, the taxonomic placement of two species in the genus Trachypithecus continues to be in debate; these include the endangered golden langur ( Trachypithecus geei ) and capped langur ( Trachypithecus pileatus ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The convoluted evolutionary history of the capped-golden langur lineage (Cercopithecidae: Colobinae) – concatenation versus coalescent analyses

Arekar¹,

Parigi

Kp³

2018

Preprint

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Molecules support morphology: species status of South Indian populations of the widely distributed Hanuman langur

Cited by 20 publications

References 47 publications

Climatic and geographic barriers drive distributional patterns of bird phenotypes within peninsular India

Climatic and geographic barriers drive distributional patterns of bird phenotypes within peninsular India

Integrative taxonomy confirms the species status of the Himalayan langurs, Semnopithecus schistaceus Hodgson 1840

The convoluted evolutionary history of the capped-golden langur lineage (Cercopithecidae: Colobinae) – concatenation versus coalescent analyses

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