Molekulare Bildgebung von Apoptose und Nekrose - Zellbiologische Grundlagen und Einsatz in der Onkologie

Abstract

Soon molecular imaging techniques will play a prominent role in basic scientific research and clinical approaches. In particular, important aspects of medicine such as apoptosis and gene- and stem-cell therapy will play a pivotal role in radiology too. This review presents the basic principles of apoptosis, recent results and future perspectives of apoptosis imaging. Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a precisely regulated, complex cascade of molecular events to eliminate individual cells. Disturbances may lead to diseases like malignancies and neurodegenerative diseases that are of clinical relevance. Several therapeutic strategies in oncology are based on apoptosis induction; conversely, resistance to therapy is indicative of decreased apoptosis induction. Whereas up to now the clinician had to depend exclusively on biopsy specimens to detect apoptosis, the feasibility of non-invasive imaging of this cell-biological phenomenon in vivo opens up new horizons in future. This review focuses on different modifications of this imaging technique, with and without the use of molecular probes (e. g. annexin V, synaptotagmin I), in vitro and in vivo using the various detector systems (like MRI, flow cytometry) currently available. Future perspectives are also addressed.

Cellular Response to Reagent‐Free Electron‐Irradiated Gelatin Hydrogels

“…Flow cytometry was performed using a Gallios cytofluorometer (Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, CA, USA) to analyze cell number and cell viability. Flow cytometry is a fast and comprehensive method to analyze multiple toxicity parameters . The relative number of cells after treatment is a direct indicator of the toxic effects on cells.…”

Biological applications of magnetic nanoparticles

“…phosphatidylserine (PS)), and enzymes (See Section 6.3). [206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214] Targeted MNPs are composed of at least two components: (1) the magnetic iron oxide represents the imaging or sensing component and ( 2) the attached molecule represents the targeting or affinity component. MNPs without targeting component are engulfed by monocytes/macrophages.…”

Molecular imaging and molecular guided Therapy

“…Der Aufschwung der molekularen Bildgebung hatauchzuneuen Ansätzen der molekularg eführten Therapie geführt. Die molekulare Bildgebung entwickelt sich immermehrzum Planungsinstrument derTherapie insgesamt, übergreifend aufg entechnologische Methoden ( 27,56,79), auch überd en Schwerpunkt derT umortherapie hinaus (6,37,53,90 (9,64,84,89).…”