MOLLUSCICIDAL AND LARVICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF Atriplex inflata AERIAL PARTS AGAINST THE MOLLUSK Galba truncatula, INTERMEDIATE HOST OF Fasciola hepatica

Abstract

Fasciolosis is a widespread parasitosis of farm live-stock in many developing countries. For this reason, it is necessary to search for new substances against parasitic diseases caused by flukes. Indeed, a wide variety of terrestrial plants have been subjected to chemical and pharmacological screening in order to discover their potential for human medicinal use. The molluscicidal and larvicidal activities of Atriplex inflata were tested on Galba truncatula and Fasciola hepatica larval stages infecting this snail in Tunisia. Phytochemical tests were conducted on extracts in order to establish a meaningful relationship with molluscicidal and larvicidal activities. The molluscicidal activity was evaluated by subjecting snails to sample aqueous solutions. Accordingly, hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and methanol-water (8:2, v-v) were used as extraction solvents. As a result, hexane and ethyl acetate extracts showed potent activity, according to the World Health Organization, giving LC50 = 7.59 mg/L and 6.69 mg/L for hexane extracts of leaves and fruits, respectively. Ethyl acetate extracts gave LC50 = 5.90 mg/L and 7.32 mg/L for leaves and fruits, successively. Molluscicidal activities of powders were less potent on snails, but active according to the World Health Organization. Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts from leaves and fruits gave potent larvicidal activities with a delay rate exceeding 45.50% (45.50- 98.92%). Phytochemical tests showed that these activities may be attributed to the presence of triterpenoids and/or sterols.

A New Technique Using Low Volumes: A New Technique to Assess the Molluscicidal Activity Using Low Volumes

“…There are papers using Becker with a maximal volume of 250 mL containing 10 mollusks for treatment [ 13 , 16 , 17 ], 500 mL with 10 mollusks [ 8 , 18 , 19 ], 1000 mL with 10 mollusks [ 20 , 21 ], and in rare cases 2000 mL [ 22 ]. However, these papers, changing the final volume and number of mollusks, did not validate mathematically the efficiency of these protocols to measure molluscicidal activity in comparison to standard protocol.…”

Relaxing effect of eugenol and essential oils in Pomacea canaliculata

“…Natural products, such as glycosides extracted from fresh leaves of Nerium indicum (DAI et al, 2011) and fractions of the methanolic extract of seed flour Camellia oleifera (KIJPRAYOON et al, 2014), also caused P. canaliculata mortality. Molluscicidal effect of the EO Cymbopogon winterianus against Biomphalaria glabrata (RODRIGUES et al, 2013) and the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts from the aerial parts of Atriplex inflata against Galba truncatula (HAMED et al, 2015) have also been described.…”

“…Products extracted from plants are promising alternatives because they are biodegradable and from renewable sources; they also have fewer adverse effects on the ecosystem. There are studies reporting molluscicidal activity of some plant extracts against P. canaliculata (DAI et al, 2011;KIJPRAYOON et al, 2014) and other mollusk species (RODRIGUES et al, 2013;HAMED et al, 2015). In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate possible molluscicidal and/or relaxing effects of eugenol and the EOs of Origanum majorana, Ocimum americanum, Hesperozygis ringens, and Piper gaudichaudianum on P. canaliculata.…”

Protective effect of Atriplex�suberecta extract against oxidative and apoptotic hepatotoxicty

“…Recently, triterpenoids isolated from A. laciniata demonstrated antibacterial, antioxidant and antiurease activities ( 15 ), including anticholinesterase effects against Alzheimer's and other neurological disorders ( 16 ). The fungicidal effects of A. semibaccata, A. portulacoides and A. infalata have been previously reported ( 17 ) and the molluscicidal and larvicidal activities of A. inflata have also been identified ( 18 ). Furthermore, Gođevac et al ( 19 ) revealed that flavonoid glycosides isolated from the aerial parts of A. littoralis exhibited protection against in vitro biochemical and cytogenetic damage to human lymphocytes ( 19 ).…”