Molsidomine ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy complications in Wistar rats

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate as it was 381 million people globally in 2013 and is estimated to be 463 million people in 2019 rising to 578 million by 2030. It is a disease with high rate of complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, erectile dysfunction etc. 1,2 Diabetic neuropathy is a family of disorders that damage the different regions of the nervous system, either individually or in combination. It affects pain fibres, motor neurons and autonomic nervous system. 3 It results in large economic costs for its care. [4][5][6] The various kind of neuropathies include peripheral neuropathy, proximal neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy and focal neuropathy. 7 There are a number of reasons for the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy and polyol pathway of glucose metabolism is thought as one of the major mechanism. 8 Peripheral neuropathy is a type of nerve damage that usually affects feet and legs and sometimes hands and arms. 9 It is proved that reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain in diabetes. 10 Out of all diabetic patients, 50% of patients develop neuropathy and painful neuropathy ranges from 10% to 20% in patients with diabetes. Diabetic patients can experience nerve problems at any time and the problem increases with age, weight and duration. 5 The complications across various countries varies from 10% to 30% and it is higher in developed countries than in developing countries. These complications can lead to painful symptoms and can affect quality of life of the patient. The treatment for the painful diabetic

Triangle Manajemen Callus: Zinc Cream, Hydrocoloid dan Polyurethane Foam Pada Pasien Diabetic Neuropathy

“…Neuropati diabetes juga dapat menyebabkan kelemahan dan nyeri pada paha, pinggul dan bokong (neuropati proksimal) (Nayak B et al, 2021), kelemahan atau nyeri ini secara mendadak pada saraf atau sekelompok saraf tertentu (neuropati fokal) (Muley et al, 2022), atau kelemahan atau nyeri secara mendadak pada satu saraf (mononeuropati) (Ranjan et al, 2022).…”

“…Callus atau kapalan atau keratosis pada kaki, khususnya pada penderita diabetes dapat menjadi indikator dari neuropati diabetes, terutama neuropati sesnsorik dan neuropati motorik (Callaghan et al, 2020;Feldman, 2008;Pang et al, 2020;Petersen et al, 2021;Pop-Busui et al, 2017;Rosenberger et al, 2020). Penebalan yang terjadi merupakan respon alami tubuh untuk melindungi tubuh dari adanya gesekan berulang, tekanan berlebihan pada kaki dan atau adanya gesekan yang berlangsung dalam jangka waktu lama (Li et al, 2023;Muley et al, 2022;Nayak B et al, 2021). Meskipun callus umumnya tidak menyakitkan, dalam beberapa kasus, callus menjadi nyeri dan meradang.…”

The efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Presently, the clinical treatment of PDN refers to the combination of antidepressants, anticonvulsants, or opioids that are based on controlling blood glucose. These treatments result in only one-third of patients relieving half of their pain, while these treatments are often accompanied by serious side effects ( Schreiber et al, 2015 ; Nayak et al, 2021 ). Due to the complexity and risk of disease, the development of an alternative or complementary therapies is urgent.…”