Molten salt synthesis of hierarchical porous N-doped carbon submicrospheres for multifunctional applications: High performance supercapacitor, dye removal and CO2 capture

Li, Junyi; Tian, Liang; Liang, Feng; Wang, Junkai; Han, Lei; Zhang, Jun; Ge, Shengtao; Dong, Li Hua; Zhang, Haijun; Zhang, Shaowei

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2018.09.061

Cited by 93 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As shown in Figure D–F, C‐Cs1.0 displayed dominantly porous particles with a size of 50–100 nm and a small number of graphene sheets. CsCl molten salt acted as both etchant and pore‐forming agent to break carbon skeleton, reduce particle size, and create pore structure, which is similar to the case of LiCl, NaCl, and KCl . Low CsCl added in the precursors limited the amount of Cs + entering into interlayer of carbon, resulting into the formation of a small number of graphene sheets.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It can be attributed to the fact that the addition of CsCl would modify morphology, increase surface area, optimize pore distribution, and improve electric conductivity. A few works were previously reported on the improvement of specific surface area, pore structure, and morphology of carbon materials by the addition of alkali chlorides template such as KCl, NaCl, and LiCl . However, it was still difficult to synthesize carbon materials that specific surface areas are more than 1500 m 2 g −1 in these works.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower metaling point is favorable to create porous structure . LiCl, NaCl, and KCl are commonly used as salt template in previous studies . The melting point of LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and CsCl is about 605, 801, 770, 718, and 646 °C, respectively, whereas the size of Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , and Cs + is ≈0.120, 0.190, 0.266, 0.296, and 0.338 nm, respectively .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 3D Carbon Foam Derived from Phenol Resin via CsCl Soft‐Templating Approach for High‐Performance Supercapacitor

et al. 2020

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Carbon with a 3D foam structure is synthesized by a one‐step strategy using low‐molecular‐weight phenolic resin as the precursor and CsCl as a salt template. Their electrochemical performance as electrodes is studied for symmetric supercapacitors. The distinct effect of CsCl addition amount on morphology, pore structure, electric conductivity, and electrochemical performance is further investigated. With appropriate CsCl addition amount, 3D carbon foam is harvested with abundant micropores and mesopores with a surface area beyond 1590 m2 g−1. It is tested as an electrode in a coin‐type symmetric supercapacitor with 6 m KOH and 1 m TEABF4/MeCN as the electrolyte. The 3D carbon foam electrode displays specific capacitance of 259.3 F g−1 in 6 m KOH and 127.9 F g−1 in 1 m TEABF4/MeCN at 0.5 A g−1. Notably, it exhibits high energy density of 27.7 W h kg−1 in 1 m TEABF4/MeCN. After 10 000 cycles, the specific capacitance remains at 96.9% in 6 m KOH, indicating good cycle stability. The superior performance of 3D carbon foam is attributed to larger surface area, higher electric conductivity, and unique 3D foam structure with sufficient 3D ion‐accessible channels. This work develops a simple, facile method to synthesize high‐performance supercapacitor electrode materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A 3D Carbon Foam Derived from Phenol Resin via CsCl Soft‐Templating Approach for High‐Performance Supercapacitor

et al. 2020

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“…The nearly rectangular shape of the CV curvesw ith only slight distortion at 5mVs À1 scan rate in Figure 3a and the regulart riangleo ft he GCD curvesw ith slight trailing at ac urrent density of 0.5 Ag À1 in Figure 3b reveal the electric double-layer capacitance (EDLC) behavior combined with pseudocapacitance for OMC samples. [19] Clearly, OMC-1 presented the highest capacitance value according to ap reliminary estimate based on the CV integrated area owing to both its highest Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area (S BET )a nd micropore surfacearea (S micro ). [20] From the discharge branchesatacurrent density of 0.5 Ag À1 ,t he specific capacities were 219, 323, and 291 Fg À1 for OMC-0.5, OMC-1, and OMC-1.5, respectively.T he capacitance retentions of 71.2, 72.1, and 66.8 %f or OMC-0.5, OMC-1, andO MC-1.5,r espectively,w ere obtained in the current density range 0.5-10 Ag À1 (Figure 3c), demonstrating that OMC-1 with the highest surfacea rea was able to provide more active sites for electrolyte ions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monomer Self‐Deposition for Ordered Mesoporous Carbon for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Liu

et al. 2019

ChemSusChem

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Ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) have emerged as promising candidates for applications in adsorption, lithium‐ion batteries, supercapacitors, metal‐free catalysts, and catalyst supports owing to the ordered mesoporous channels, large surface areas, and quantum effects on the nanoscale. Herein, a new and simple self‐deposition following solid‐phase grinding method was used to prepare OMCs by direct transformation of phenol monomers into mesoporous carbon. The transformation occurred under metal‐salt catalysis and by using mesoporous silica as a template. The obtained OMC completely replicated the morphology of the template and exhibited high surface area, large pore volume, and uniform mesoporous structure. The advantage of this method is that no solvents or extra pre‐polymerization processes are needed, resulting in simple and easy operation and high universality. Owing to the abundant mesopores and high surface area, the OMC samples have good electrochemical properties and high potential for electrochemical materials.

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“…Nevertheless, this templating method is complicated, costly and time-consuming. Comparatively, the salt templating approach starting from molecularly mixed precursors and salts, sometimes combining with ice templating, chemical blowing and leavening, is general and cost-effective for generating various HPCs with interesting structures [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. During carbonization of the precursors, the diffusion and growth of the salts or their thermal decomposition products play the templating role generating hierarchical pores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Foaming and Activation Strategy to Porous N-Doped Carbon Foams for Supercapacitors and CO2 Capture

et al. 2020

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HIGHLIGHTS• An in situ molecular foaming and activation strategy is designed and investigated for the synthesis of hierarchically porous N-doped carbon foams (HPNCFs).• The prepared HPNCFs possess 3D macropores, uniform micropores and mesopores, ultrahigh surface areas and high N contents and show high performances in supercapacitors and CO 2 capture.ABSTRACT Hierarchically porous carbon materials are promising for energy storage, separation and catalysis. It is desirable but fairly challenging to simultaneously create ultrahigh surface areas, large pore volumes and high N contents in these materials. Herein, we demonstrate a facile acid-base enabled in situ molecular foaming and activation strategy for the synthesis of hierarchically macro-/meso-/microporous N-doped carbon foams (HPNCFs). The key design for the synthesis is the selection of histidine (His) and potassium bicarbonate (PBC) to allow the formation of 3D foam structures by in situ foaming, the PBC/His acid-base reaction to enable a molecular mixing and subsequent a uniform chemical activation, and the stable imidazole moiety in His to sustain high N contents after carbonization. The formation mechanism of the HPNCFs is studied in detail. The prepared HPNCFs possess 3D macroporous frameworks with thin well-graphitized carbon walls, ultrahigh surface areas (up to 3200 m 2 g −1 ), large pore volumes (up to 2.0 cm 3 g −1 ), high micropore volumes (up to 0.67 cm 3 g −1 ), narrowly distributed micropores and mesopores and high N contents (up to 14.6 wt%) with pyrrolic N as the predominant N site. The HPNCFs are promising for supercapacitors with high specific capacitances (185-240 F g −1 ), good rate capability and excellent stability. They are also excellent for CO 2 capture with a high adsorption capacity (~ 4.13 mmol g −1 ), a large isosteric heat of adsorption (26.5 kJ mol −1 ) and an excellent CO 2 /N 2 selectivity (~ 24). on the two isotherms wherein the adsorption capacities are the same.

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Molten salt synthesis of hierarchical porous N-doped carbon submicrospheres for multifunctional applications: High performance supercapacitor, dye removal and CO2 capture

Cited by 93 publications

References 37 publications

A 3D Carbon Foam Derived from Phenol Resin via CsCl Soft‐Templating Approach for High‐Performance Supercapacitor

A 3D Carbon Foam Derived from Phenol Resin via CsCl Soft‐Templating Approach for High‐Performance Supercapacitor

Monomer Self‐Deposition for Ordered Mesoporous Carbon for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

A Molecular Foaming and Activation Strategy to Porous N-Doped Carbon Foams for Supercapacitors and CO2 Capture

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