Molten salt synthesis of porous carbon and its application in supercapacitors: A review

Magnetic Fe2O3/biochar composite prepared in a molten salt medium for antibiotic removal in water

“…Although there are many reports on magnetic biochar, the complex synthesis methods (impregnation calcination and coprecipitation) hinder its further large-scale production. Preparing porous carbon materials in molten salt media has advantages of simple process, low synthetic temperature, easy separation, uniform chemical composition, and low cost over other methods (Pang et al 2021;D´ıez et al 2021;Guo et al 2020). The molten salt is a kind of ionic liquid, which can avoid the desolvation of ions in traditional chemical synthesis process, reduce activation energy, and enable rapid and efficient synthesis of materials (Huang et al 2020).…”

“…The molten salt is a kind of ionic liquid, which can avoid the desolvation of ions in traditional chemical synthesis process, reduce activation energy, and enable rapid and efficient synthesis of materials (Huang et al 2020). By adjusting the ratio of the mixed molten salt, the pore structure of the obtained carbon materials can be controlled precisely (Pang et al 2021;D´ıez et al 2021). In addition, the high-energy ions in the molten state have certain etching effect, as well as recrystallization and embedding effect in the cooling stage, resulting in the formation of a hierarchical porous structure including micro-, meso-, and macro-pores in the obtained carbon material (Tan et al 2021;Yang et al 2020).…”

Applications and challenges of porous carbon with different dimensions in supercapacitors—a mini review

“…Hierarchically porous carbonaceous materials have plenty of advantages for CS applications: 1) Interconnecting voids maximize the active sites of chemical reactions and shorten the diffusion paths for ions and/or electrons, facilitating electrolyte transport and infiltration (Li et al, 2020b;Liu et al, 2020). 2) The nanometer-sized edge regions form small lattices and grain boundaries, thus improving the electrochemical capacitance of the carbonaceous material (Pang et al, 2021). 3) Active ordered nanostructures have high electrical conductivity and maintain better mechanical stability during the cycle (Dubey et al, 2020;Zhu et al, 2020).…”

Preparation of N/O-codoped quinoline pitch-based porous carbons for high-quality supercapacitor electrodes

“…3,5,[7][8][9][10] Porous carbons are deemed as a promising electrode material owing to their ultrahigh surface area, well-developed nanopore structure as well as the inherent advantages of carbon materials themselves, such as outstanding thermal and chemical inertness, good electrical conductivity and being rich in sources. 11,12 To date, the reported methods of preparing porous carbons mainly include traditional physical and chemical activation methods, 13,14 hard and soft templating approaches 15,16 and their combination methods, 17 besides some special methods, like molten salt carbonization, 18 sol-gel synthesis, 19 hydrothermal preparation, 20 self-assembly, 21 and explosion-assisted strategies. 22 Importantly, it has gradually been recognized that the various sizes of pores in porous carbon have different functions.…”