Molten salts as engineering fluids – A review

Nunes, V. M. B.; Queirós, Carla S. G. P.; Lourenço, Maria José; Santos, F.J.V.; Castro, C. A. Nieto de

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.09.003

Cited by 203 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…However, increasing the heating duration further can cause damages in the thermal battery in terms of pressure rise in the liquid phase due to thermal expansion of the liquid salt. It should be noted that the thermal expansion coefficient of the PCM is 0.00037 1/K and it causes almost in the order of 1% of volumetric expansion after 3000 s of the heating duration. Consequently, care must be taken to control the maximum temperature and heating duration of the thermal battery.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The density variation of liquid PCM is taken according to Boussinesq approximation along with its temperature‐dependent properties. In this case, the thermal expansion coefficient of the PCM is taken as 0.00037 1/K . A ternary salt mixture 52% KNO 3 , 18% NaNO 3 , and 30% LiNO 3 (wt%) is considered as PCM, and aluminum is incorporated as the mesh material.…”

Section: Mathemaical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, the thermal expansion coefficient of the PCM is taken as 0.00037 1/K . A ternary salt mixture 52% KNO 3 , 18% NaNO 3 , and 30% LiNO 3 (wt%) is considered as PCM, and aluminum is incorporated as the mesh material. The composition of each salt by weight % is given in Table , while Table gives the data used in the simulations.…”

Section: Mathemaical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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A mobile thermal battery resembling a solar receiver: Innovative design and performance assessment

2018

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Summary An innovative design of a mobile thermal battery resembling the solar receiver is presented. A ternary salt mixture consisting of 52% KNO3, 18% NaNO3, and 30% LiNO3 by wt% is used as the thermal energy storing medium inside the thermal battery. Since the thermal conductivity of the ternary salt mixture is low, aluminum meshes are introduced to create a thermal conduction tree inside the thermal energy storing medium. The actual field data are used in the simulations to resemble the solar irradiation emanating from the parabolic trough and focusing onto the thermal battery outer surface. To improve the uniform heating at the outer surface, the thermal battery rotation along the centerline of the trough is considered. The temperature parameter is introduced to assess the uniform‐like temperature distribution inside the ternary salt mixture. It is found that the use of aluminum meshes improves the heat diffusion in the phase change material of the ternary salt mixture; in which case, it acts like a thermal conduction tree inside the thermal battery. The rotation of the thermal battery results in uniform‐like temperature distribution across the thermal battery cross section and suppresses the excessive temperature rise because of the local heating in the close region of the thermal battery outer surface.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mathemaical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mathemaical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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A mobile thermal battery resembling a solar receiver: Innovative design and performance assessment

2018

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“…In any case, some others are being researched. The development of ternary and even quaternary mixtures of different types of salts has been studied [3]. These mixtures give a HTF (heat transfer fluid) with better operational characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Modeling of a Parabolic Trough Collectors Solar Power Plant with MARS Models

et al. 2017

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Power plants producing energy through solar fields use a heat transfer fluid that lends itself to be influenced and changed by different variables. In solar power plants, a heat transfer fluid (HTF) is used to transfer the thermal energy of solar radiation through parabolic collectors to a water vapor Rankine cycle. In this way, a turbine is driven that produces electricity when coupled to an electric generator. These plants have a heat transfer system that converts the solar radiation into heat through a HTF, and transfers that thermal energy to the water vapor heat exchangers. The best possible performance in the Rankine cycle, and therefore in the thermal plant, is obtained when the HTF reaches its maximum temperature when leaving the solar field (SF). In addition, it is necessary that the HTF does not exceed its own maximum operating temperature, above which it degrades. The optimum temperature of the HTF is difficult to obtain, since the working conditions of the plant can change abruptly from moment to moment. Guaranteeing that this HTF operates at its optimal temperature to produce electricity through a Rankine cycle is a priority. The oil flowing through the solar field has the disadvantage of having a thermal limit. Therefore, this research focuses on trying to make sure that this fluid comes out of the solar field with the highest possible temperature. Modeling using data mining is revealed as an important tool for forecasting the performance of this kind of power plant. The purpose of this document is to provide a model that can be used to optimize the temperature control of the fluid without interfering with the normal operation of the plant. The results obtained with this model should be necessarily contrasted with those obtained in a real plant. Initially, we compare the PID (proportional–integral–derivative) models used in previous studies for the optimization of this type of plant with modeling using the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) model.

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“…[11] "Green" alternatives to standardp rocedures have recently seen high impact [12][13][14] andw ehave herein applied these principles of green chemistry towards new drug candidates. [15] Interestingly,d ry-melt conditions have been used widely in molten salt inorganic syntheses in the preparation of ceramics, semiconductors and carbon nanostructures at high temperaturesb etween2 00 and 1000 8C, [16][17][18] which has further branched out into syntheses in ionic liquids. [19][20][21] However,t his method has only rarely been appliedi nt he field or organic or coordination chemistry, [22][23][24][25][26] in which the melt is not ionic,b ut al ow-melting-point (< 200 8C) covalent ligand.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast, Facile and Solvent‐Free Dry‐Melt Synthesis of Oxovanadium(IV) Complexes: Simple Design with High Potency towards Cancerous Cells

Zegke

Spencer

Lord

2019

Chemistry A European J

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Molten salts as engineering fluids – A review

Cited by 203 publications

References 67 publications

A mobile thermal battery resembling a solar receiver: Innovative design and performance assessment

A mobile thermal battery resembling a solar receiver: Innovative design and performance assessment

Comparative Modeling of a Parabolic Trough Collectors Solar Power Plant with MARS Models

Fast, Facile and Solvent‐Free Dry‐Melt Synthesis of Oxovanadium(IV) Complexes: Simple Design with High Potency towards Cancerous Cells

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