Molybdenum disulfide-Zirconium dioxide composite with enhance supercapacitance performance

Abstract

As a supercapacitor active material, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) layer offers good conductivity, large surface area, and electrochemical stability. In practice, however, its capacitance is low in comparison to other materials. This work synthesized MoS2-zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) composite in a simple, high-throughput way to test it as a supercapacitor active layer. During the tests, the composite shows a gravimetric capacitance of 500.0 F⸳g-1, while MoS2 and ZrO2 have capacitances of 265.12 and 152.43, respectively. The increase in capacitance of composite stems from the synergistic effect between ZrO2's pseudocapacitor behavior and MoS2's electric double layer capacitance (EDLC). Moreover, the composite has a discharge time of ~ 406 s at a current density of 1 A⸳g-1, which is much longer compared to MoS2 and ZrO2. The stability test of the composite also shows that it maintains 93% of its initial capacitance after 2000 charge/discharge cycles.

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“…The modern era’s increasing energy consumption is propelling advancements in finding alternate energy sources and in developing advanced storage devices. − The demands of a growing population, the strains of global economic expansion, and the depletion of fossil fuels underscore the urgent need for innovative techniques in energy storage systems. , Supercapacitors are becoming increasingly popular in the energy storage industry because of their improved characteristics, including better cyclability, resilience, and high-power output. These traits distinguish them from regular capacitors and batteries. , Although conventional batteries and capacitors are still viable solutions, supercapacitors are distinguished by their enhanced power and energy densities, effectively addressing difficulties with both. , Electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudocapacitors (PCs) are the two primary subcategories of supercapacitors, classified on the mechanism of energy storage. ,,− Supercapacitors’ efficacy is significantly influenced by the characteristics of the materials utilized for the active electrode. − EDLC electrodes are traditionally carbonaceous materials such as graphene-like carbon made from biomass, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and carbon nanofibers (CNFs). , Conversely, PCs employ pseudocapacitive materials such as conducting polymers, metal hydroxides, and oxides, which support redox reactions through charging and discharging process. − Hybrid capacitors combine the physical adsorption of ions at the interface of the electrode and electrolyte with chemical redox processes by integrating EDLC and PC materials as two individual electrodes or merging them to form a single hybrid electrode. − …”

“…At the electrode–electrolyte interface, the faradaic reaction has an impact on the creation of pseudocapacitance. − Metal oxides like RuO 2, MnO 2, Co 3 O 4, and MoS 2 , are common materials for pseudocapacitor electrodes. With superior energy density and specific capacitance, RuO 2 stands out among the metal oxide electrodes .…”