Molybdenum-Induced Effects on Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes and Elemental Profile of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Different Nitrogen Sources

Abstract

Different nitrogen (N) sources have been reported to significantly affect the activities and expressions of N metabolism enzymes and mineral elements concentrations in crop plants. However, molybdenum-induced effects in winter wheat cultivars have still not been investigated under different N sources. Here, a hydroponic study was carried out to investigate these effects on two winter wheat cultivars (‘97003’ and ‘97014’) as Mo-efficient and Mo-inefficient, respectively, under different N sources (NO3−, NH4NO3, and NH4+). The results revealed that the activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) followed the order of NH4NO3 > NO3− > NH4+ sources, while glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) followed the order of NH4+ > NH4NO3 > NO3− in both the wheat cultivars. However, Mo-induced effects in the activities and expressions of N metabolism enzymes under different N sources followed the order of NH4NO3 > NO3− > NH4+ sources, indicating that Mo has more complementary effects towards nitrate nutrition than the sole ammonium source in winter wheat. Interestingly, under −Mo-deprived conditions, cultivar ‘97003’ recorded more pronounced alterations in Mo-dependent parameters than ‘97014’ cultivar. Moreover, Mo application increased the proteins, amino acids, ammonium, and nitrite contents while concomitantly decreasing the nitrate contents in the same order of NH4NO3 > NO3− > NH4+ sources that coincides with the Mo-induced N enzymes activities and expressions. The findings of the present study indicated that Mo plays a key role in regulating the N metabolism enzymes and assimilatory products under all the three N sources; however, the extent of complementation exists in the order of NH4NO3 > NO3− > NH4+ sources in winter wheat. In addition, it was revealed that mineral elements profiles were mainly affected by different N sources, while Mo application generally had no significant effects on the mineral elements contents in the winter wheat leaves under different N sources.

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): A Potential Candidate for Phytoremediation? Biological and Economical Points of View

“…Flax was the first fibrous crop that was spun and woven in to the textiles due to its unique properties. Its fibers contain many important pigments such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, wax, lignin, and pectin, which have been studied/reported by many different studies [46,86]. Flax plants have various compositions of pigments as they depend upon plant variety, soil conditions, and growth treatments.…”

“…Flax plants have various compositions of pigments as they depend upon plant variety, soil conditions, and growth treatments. Flax fiber has excellent tensile characteristics analogous to glass fibers [46,57]. A flow chart diagram of flax usage is presented in Figure 4.…”

“…Plants 2020, 9, x 4 of 17 nutritional characteristics and contain a high concentration of short-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Flax is mainly cultivated for its fiber but its seeds are edible and can prevent heart disease, cancer, strokes, and diabetes [45,46]. Flaxseed contains 20-25% protein and 40-45% fatty acids.…”

Jute: A Potential Candidate for Phytoremediation of Metals—A Review

“…By contrast, inorganic pollutants cannot be degraded in these processes easily. Hence, these inorganic pollutants should be less bio-available for the plants and less easily transported in different parts of the plant tissues; there is also a need to reduce the volatile forms of inorganic pollutants [2,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. Hence, phytoremediation is the best technique to deal with low amounts of organic or inorganic contaminants in the soil and can be applied with other traditional soil remediation methods for efficient removal of toxic pollutants from the soil [33,34,47].…”

Copper Uptake and Accumulation, Ultra-Structural Alteration, and Bast Fibre Yield and Quality of Fibrous Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) Plants Grown under Two Different Soils of China

“…Excess Cu causes damage to the cellular membrane organelles by increasing ROS in plant cells and tissues, causing peroxidation of substances on the cell surface [11,[15][16][17]. ROS, which are toxic and remove by the activities of antioxidant compounds [18][19][20][21][22][23]. Previously, in many different crops, activities of high antioxidants were found such as in Boehmeria nivea [15], Phyllostachys pubescens [13] and Brassica napus [24] under Cu stress.…”