In this work, a new MoO3@Mo2CT
x
nanocomposite was prepared from two-dimensional (2D) Mo2CT
x
MXene by in-situ oxidization in air, which exhibited wonderful lithium-storage performance as anodes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The precursor Mo2CT
x
was synthesized from Mo2Ga2C by selective etching of NH4F at 180 °C for 24 h. Thereafter, the Mo2CT
x
was oxidized in air at 450 °C for 30 min to obtain MoO3@Mo2CT
x
nanocomposite. In the composite, in-situ generated MoO3 nanocrystals pillar the layer structure of Mo2CT
x
MXene, which increases the interlayer space of Mo2CT
x
for Li storage and enhances the structure stability of the composite. Mo2CT
x
2D sheets provide conductive substrate for MoO3 nanocrystals to enhance the Li+ accessibility. As anodes of LIBs, the final discharge specific capacity of the MoO3@Mo2CT
x
composite was 511.1 mAh g-1 at current density of 500 mA g-1 after 100 cycles, which is about 36.7 times that of pure Mo2CT
x
MXene (13.9 mAh g-1) and 3.2 times that of pure MoO3 (159.9 mAh g-1). In the composites, both Mo2CT
x
and MoO3 provide high lithium storage capacity and can enhance the performance of each other. Moreover, this composite can be made by a facile method of in-situ oxidation. Therefore, the MoO3@Mo2CT
x
MXene nanocomposite is a promising anode of LIB with high performance.