We analyze the general Lévy insurance risk process for Lévy measures in the convolution equivalence class S (α) , α > 0, via a new kind of path decomposition. This yields a very general functional limit theorem as the initial reserve level u → ∞, and a host of new results for functionals of interest in insurance risk. Particular emphasis is placed on the time to ruin, which is shown to have a proper limiting distribution, as u → ∞, conditional on ruin occurring under our assumptions. Existing asymptotic results under the S (α) assumption are synthesized and extended, and proofs are much simplified, by comparison with previous methods specific to the convolution equivalence analyses. Additionally, limiting expressions for penalty functions of the type introduced into actuarial mathematics by Gerber and Shiu are derived as straightforward applications of our main results. . This reprint differs from the original in pagination and typographic detail. 1 2 P. S. GRIFFIN AND R. A. MALLER by X. We will refer to this as the general Lévy insurance risk model. It is a generalization of the classical Cramér-Lundberg model, which arises when the claim surplus process is taken to bewhere N t is a Poisson process, U i > 0 form an independent i.i.d. sequence and r > 0. Here r represents the rate of premium inflow and U i the size of the ith claim. The general model allows for income other than through premium inflow and a more realistic claims structure; see Section 2.7.1 of Kyprianou [17]. The assumption X t → −∞ a.s. is a reflection of premiums being set to avoid almost certain ruin for finite u.The primary focus of this paper is on when and how ruin occurs for large reserve levels, that is, as u → ∞. Introduce