Moment-rotation behavior of intervertebral joints in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation at all levels of the human spine: A structured review and meta-regression analysis

Zhang, Chaofei; Mannen, Erin M.; Sis, Hadley L.; Cadel, Eileen S.; Wong, Benjamin M.; Wang, Wenjun; Cheng, Bo; Friis, Elizabeth A.; Anderson, Dennis E.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109579

Cited by 32 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…We enhanced the models with non-linear stiffness properties for flexion-extension and lateral-bending motions in all segments between T1/2 and L5/S1 using values from a recent meta-regression analysis over 45 studies involving experiments on adult cadaveric spines (Zhang et al, 2020). The properties were implemented using standard built-in linear bushing elements (expression-based bushing forces), which create reaction moments based on the rotational displacements of the adjacent vertebrae (Meng et al, 2015;Senteler et al, 2016).…”

Section: Base Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal Compressive Forces in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis With and Without Carrying Loads: A Musculoskeletal Modeling Study

Schmid

Burkhart

Allaire

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology | www.frontiersin.org 1 March 2020 | Volume 8 | Article 159 Schmid et al. Spinal Loading in AISforces further increased depending on the carrying mode and the weight of the load. These results can be used as a basis for further studies investigating segmental loading in AIS patients during functional activities. Models can thereby be created using the same approach as proposed in this study.

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Section: Base Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal Compressive Forces in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis With and Without Carrying Loads: A Musculoskeletal Modeling Study

Schmid

Burkhart

Allaire

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…For the active subsystem, muscle activity is typically used as a proxy measure (Needle et al 2014 ; Shumway-Cook and Woollacott 2012 ). In contrast, the passive subsystem has been examined with studies that use in vitro human samples or in vitro porcine models (Stokes and Gardner-Morse 2003 ; Gardner-Morse and Stokes 2003 ; Zhang et al 2020 ). Such in vitro studies test the passive structures, including bones and ligaments, but they do not include muscle activity or motor control of the spine (Stokes and Gardner-Morse 2003 ; Gardner-Morse and Stokes 2003 ; Zhang et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the passive subsystem has been examined with studies that use in vitro human samples or in vitro porcine models (Stokes and Gardner-Morse 2003 ; Gardner-Morse and Stokes 2003 ; Zhang et al 2020 ). Such in vitro studies test the passive structures, including bones and ligaments, but they do not include muscle activity or motor control of the spine (Stokes and Gardner-Morse 2003 ; Gardner-Morse and Stokes 2003 ; Zhang et al 2020 ). Both the active and passive subsystems can be assessed by measuring spinal stiffness (Hausler et al 2020 ; Swanenburg et al 2018 , 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo measurements of spinal stiffness according to a stepwise increase of axial load

et al. 2021

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Background The spine has a complex motor control. Its different stabilization mechanisms through passive, active, and neurological subsystems may result in spinal stiffness. To better understand lumbar spinal motor control, this study aimed to measure the effects of increasing the axial load on spinal stiffness. Methods A total of 19 healthy young participants (mean age, 24 ± 2.1 years; 8 males and 11 females) were assessed in an upright standing position. Under different axial loads, the posterior-to-anterior spinal stiffness of the thoracic and lumbar spine was measured. Loads were 0%, 10%, 45%, and 80% of the participant’s body weight. Results Data were normally distributed and showed excellent reliability. A repeated-measures analysis of variance with a Greenhouse–Geisser correction showed an effect of the loading condition on the mean spinal stiffness [F (2.6, 744) = 3.456, p < 0.001]. Vertebrae and loading had no interaction [F (2.6, 741) = 0.656, p = 0.559]. Post hoc tests using Bonferroni correction revealed no changes with 10% loading (p = 1.000), and with every additional step of loading, spinal stiffness decreased: 0% or 10–45% loading (p < 0.001), 0% or 10–80% loading (p < 0.001), and 45–80% (p < 0.001). Conclusion We conclude that a load of ≥ 45% of the participant’s body weight can lead to changes in the spinal motor control. An axial load of 10% showed no significant changes. Rehabilitation should include high-axial-load exercise if needed in everyday living.

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“…( 13,28 ) Thus, while the activities examined here are varied and instructive, they cannot be deemed fully comprehensive and may be biased toward “moderate” loads due to the nature of the activities attempted and those successfully solved. Our models include a large degree of complexity in terms of subject‐specific muscle morphology and spinal curvature; however, we did not include the effect of inter‐abdominal pressure (IAP) ( 29 ) or non‐linearity of material properties of ligaments ( 30 ) or intervertebral joints ( 31 ) on spinal loading. Although our MSK model has been validated to predict in vivo measurements of spinal loading, (21 ) future studies could benefit from further advancing the physiological realism of the models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Load-to-Strength Ratios Along the Spine in a Population-Based Cohort to Evaluate the Contribution of Spinal Loading to Vertebral Fractures

Mokhtarzadeh

Anderson

Allaire

et al. 2020

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Vertebral fractures (VFx) are common among older adults. Epidemiological studies report high occurrence of VFx at mid‐thoracic and thoracolumbar regions of the spine; however, reasons for this observation remain poorly understood. Prior reports of high ratios of spinal loading to vertebral strength in the thoracolumbar region suggest a possible biomechanical explanation. However, no studies have evaluated load‐to‐strength ratios (LSRs) throughout the spine for a large number of activities in a sizeable cohort. Thus, we performed a cross‐sectional study in a sample of adult men and women from a population‐based cohort to: 1) determine which activities cause the largest vertebral LSRs, and 2) examine patterns of LSRs along the spine for these high‐load activities. We used subject‐specific musculoskeletal models of the trunk to determine vertebral compressive loads for 109 activities in 250 individuals (aged 41 to 90 years, 50% women) from the Framingham Heart Study. Vertebral compressive strengths from T4 to L4 were calculated from computed tomography–based vertebral size and bone density measurements. We determined which activities caused maximum LSRs at each of these spinal levels. We identified nine activities that accounted for >95% of the maximum LSRs overall and at least 89.6% at each spinal level. The activity with the highest LSR varied by spinal level, and three distinct spinal regions could be identified by the activity producing maximum LSRs: lateral bending with a weight in one hand (upper thoracic), holding weights with elbows flexed (lower thoracic), and forward flexion with weight (lumbar). This study highlights the need to consider a range of lifting, holding, and non‐symmetric activities when evaluating vertebral LSRs. Moreover, we identified key activities that produce higher loading in multiple regions of the spine. These results provide the first guidance on what activities to consider when evaluating vertebral load‐to‐strength ratios in future studies, including those examining dynamic motions and the biomechanics of VFx. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

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Moment-rotation behavior of intervertebral joints in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation at all levels of the human spine: A structured review and meta-regression analysis

Cited by 32 publications

References 74 publications

Spinal Compressive Forces in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis With and Without Carrying Loads: A Musculoskeletal Modeling Study

Spinal Compressive Forces in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis With and Without Carrying Loads: A Musculoskeletal Modeling Study

In vivo measurements of spinal stiffness according to a stepwise increase of axial load

Patterns of Load-to-Strength Ratios Along the Spine in a Population-Based Cohort to Evaluate the Contribution of Spinal Loading to Vertebral Fractures

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