“…For example, the facilities of 3,400 German voluntary sports clubs (VSCs) had been used for the accommodation of refugees between 2014 and 2015 (Breuer, Feiler, & Nowy, 2017). Policy makers at the local, national, and supranational level invest in VSCs to stimulate their assumed function as motors for integration of specific target groups (European Commission, 2018; Federal Government of Germany, 2016; McDonald, Spaaij, & Dukic, 2019; Michelini, Burrmann, Nobis, Tuchel, & Schlesinger, 2018; Waardenburg, 2016). VSCs are characteristically nonprofit and member-based organizations that traditionally form the “grassroots” of mass sport participation in many European and overseas countries, such as Canada and Australia (Feiler, Wicker, & Breuer, 2018; Misener & Misener, 2017; Skille & Stenling, 2018).…”