“…The same holds true for the currency board system of Hong Kong, which has been established as early as 1983 and, since, has been in place (see, for example, Ho, 2002;Cook and Yetman, 2014, as well as Table 13 in the Appendix). In contrast, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) operates an exchange rate based monetary policy and, hence, the FX rate is practically the instrument to steer both output and inflation (see, for example, Siregar, Har, et al, 2001;Devereux, 2003;Chow, 2007;Chow, Lim, and McNelis, 2014, as well as Table 15 in the Appendix). As a consequence there does not exist a free floating USD/SGD exchange rate, but a managed regime which occasionally results in the more volatile exchange rate vis-à-vis the US dollar in comparison to the Hong Kong dollar (Devereux, 2003).…”