Monitoreo domiciliario de presión arterial y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en jóvenes estudiantes de medicina de una universidad privada en Lima, Perú

Abstract

Objetivo: Describir los niveles de presión arterial (PA) mediante el monitoreo domiciliario de la presión arterial (MDPA) y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRC) en un grupo de jóvenes estudiantes de medicina de una universidad privada en Lima, Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de un grupo de estudiantes de medicina entre 18 y 23 años de edad, en quienes se midió la PA aplicando la técnica del MDPA. Los participantes llenaron un cuestionario para recolección de datos demográfico-epidemiológicos y de estilos de vida. Adicionalmente, se realizó la evaluación antropométrica correspondiente. Resultados: Se incluyeron 46 estudiantes de medicina de ambos sexos, voluntarios, que cursaban el segundo año de Medicina. Una participante mujer tenía diagnóstico previo de hipertensión arterial esencial (HTA). La frecuencia de HTA fue 4,3%. El 26,1% presentó sobrepeso, predominante en varones. Obesidad abdominal se presentó en 45,7%, y obesidad abdominal ajustada para la edad (OAAE) en 65,2% de mujeres y 52,2% de varones. Los varones tuvieron mayores niveles de PA. El 66,7% de participantes con sobrepeso y el 100% de obesos eran sedentarios. Los participantes con sobrepeso tuvieron mayor promedio de presión arterial sistólica (PPAS) (p < 0,05), comparado con los de índice de masa corporal (IMC) normal. Se obtuvo regresión lineal significativa entre PPAS y perímetro cervical, y la circunferencia de cintura (CCI). Conclusiones: La frecuencia de HTA encontrada no fue despreciable. FRC como sobrepeso, obesidad abdominal y sedentarismo se presentaron en importante porcentaje. El MDPA se debería introducir en estudios futuros sobre HTA.

Cardiovascular risk factors in young Mexican adults

“…When contemplating that a large majority of the subjects have a significant family history of diseases (present exclusively or in association), as well as the sedentariness categorized in more than half of the sam ple, and the important percentage of individuals who follow an atherogenic diet, a relationship between these factors with the alterations found in the sample's anthropometric values could be established. These results are comparable with other studies carried out in Spain 1 and in Peru 19 , in which it is also indicated that sedentary lifestyle affects women most of the time, with direct effects on their abdominal circumference and BMI. Nonetheless, men were not exempt from anthropometric abnormalities, given that 8% of the people in whom obesity was identified, a subtle majority was integrated by males, in whom alterations in abdominal circumference (47.8%) and in the WHR (19.4%) were also found, although in a smaller proportion.…”

“…CVRFs correspond to those biological signs, acquired habits and characteristics of the individual that are most frequently associated with the statistical risk to predispose the development of a CVD in the coming years 18,19 . CVDs are preventable if measures on these factors are taken, some of which are fortunately modifiable 4,20 ; the World Health Organization (WHO) considers as CVRFs: systemic arterial hypertension, overweight, obesity, inadequate diet (atherogenic), dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, increased LDL cholesterol, and decreased HDL cholesterol), smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity or sedentariness, male sex, age (men > 55 years, women > 65 years), family background and genetics, stress, diabetes mellitus, and the presence of another CVD 5,8,21 .…”

Neck circumference in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Studies followed a cross-sectional, case-control and cohort design. Most of the articles were from Brazil (19) 30 – 35 , 37 – 45 , 48 – 51 while the others were from Chile (3) 29 , 36 , 46 and Peru (1) 47 . The instrument and methodology to measure NC was reported in 19 studies ( Table 2 ) 29 , 31 – 34 , 36 , 37 , 39 – 46 , 48 , 49 – 51 .…”

“…From all the captive population articles, 4 of these included university students 31 , 32 , 34 , 47 and also reported the mean NC ( Table 2 ). The minimum and maximum mean NC in this captive population were 33.66cm and 37.10cm, respectively; in men were 36.95cm and 37.30cm, respectively; and in women the minimum and maximum values were 32.02cm and 33.50cm, respectively ( Table 2 ).…”

“…From all the cross-sectional studies, only 4 studies 19 , 22 , 25 , 29 are considered as a close representation of the general population. Finally, analyzing the risk of bias of the prevalence studies included, the majority represent a moderate risk 17 , 24 , 29 – 31 , 33 , 35 – 43 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 50 – 51 , 53 – 66 , 68 , 70 – 73 , 76 – 84 , 86 , 89 , 92 – 100 (57); some are low risk 16 , 18 – 23 , 25 – 29 , 32 , 34 , 44 , 49 (16); no study represents a high risk ( Table 4 – Table 6 ).…”