Monitoring and assessment of mercury pollution in the vicinity of a chloralkali plant I. Distribution, availability and genotoxicity of sediment mercury in the Rushikulya estuary, India

Panda, Kamal K.; Lenka, Maheswar; Panda, Brahma B.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(90)90079-a

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The experiment was conducted with five bulbs per exposure at room temperature (28±1°C) under a 12 h light/dark cycle. On day 5, the bulbs were removed and thoroughly washed in running tap water (Panda et al 1990). The root length was recorded (longest five roots per bulb).…”

Section: Allium Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before use, the loose outer scales were removed and the dry bases were scraped to expose the root primordial. In the modified form of the test, used as a standard for environmental testing, the onions were positioned for germination directly on fly ash mixture taken in earthen pots-a method which mimics natural condition (Fiskesjö 1988;Panda et al 1990). The sample was mixed in varying proportion with sand to obtain the different fly ash mixtures.…”

Section: Allium Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of genotoxicity of coal fly ash in Allium cepa root cells by combining comet assay with the Allium test

Chakraborty

Mukherjee²,

Mukherjee

2008

Environ Monit Assess

102

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Fly ash is a by-product of coal-fired electricity generation plants. Its utilization and disposal is of utmost importance. Using onion (Allium cepa) root tip system, the present study was carried out to evaluate the potential toxic and genotoxic effects of fly ash, collected from a thermal power plant in West Bengal, India. Prior to testing, the collected fly ash sample was mixed with sand in different proportions. Allium bulbs were allowed to germinate directly in fly ash and after five days the germinating roots were processed for the Allium test. Additionally, the Allium test was adapted for detecting DNA damage through comet assay. The results from the Allium test indicate that fly ash at 100% concentration inhibits root growth and mitotic indices; induces binucleated cells as a function of the proportion, but is not toxic at very low concentration. In the comet assay, a statistical increase for DNA strand breaks was found only at higher concentrations. The sample was analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometer for Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd and As, whose presence could partly be responsible for the toxicity of fly ash. The study concludes that the classical Allium test can give a more comprehensive data when done in combination with the comet assay, which is faster, simpler and independent of mitosis. Also when fly ash is used for other purposes in combination with soils, it should be judiciously used at very low concentrations in order to protect the ecosystem health from any potential adverse effects.

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Section: Allium Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Allium Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of genotoxicity of coal fly ash in Allium cepa root cells by combining comet assay with the Allium test

Chakraborty

Mukherjee²,

Mukherjee

2008

Environ Monit Assess

102

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“…Equal-sized bulbs were chosen from a population of a local market variety of the common onion Allium cepa L. (2n = 16). The onions were positioned for germination and growth for 5 days on fly ash and garden soil-a method that mimics natural condition (Panda et al, 1990).…”

Section: Treatment Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Note: Vetiver Can Grow on Coal Fly Ash Without DNA Damage

Chakraborty

Mukherjee

2010

International Journal of Phytoremediation

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Fly ash is a by-product of coal-fired electricity generation plants. The prevalent practice of disposal is as slurry of ash and water to open lands or ash ponds located near power plants and this has lain to waste thousands of hectares all over the world. Wind and leaching are often the causes of off-site contamination from fly ash dumpsites. Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) grown on fly ash for three months showed massive, mesh-like growth of roots which could have a phytostabilizing effect. The plant achieved this without any damage to its nuclear DNA as shown by comet assay done on the root nuclei, which implies the long-term survival of the plant on the remediation site. Also, when Vetiver is used for phytoremediation of coal fly ash, its shoots can be safely grazed by animals as very little of heavy metals in fly ash were found to be translocated to the shoots. These features make planting of Vetiver a practical and environmentally compatible method for restoration of fly ash dumpsites. Lack of DNA damage in Vetiver has been compared to that in a sensitive plant i.e. Allium cepa. Our results suggested that apart from traditional end-points viz. growth parameters like root length, shoot length and dry weight, comet assay could also be included in a battery of tests for initial, rapid and effective selection of plants for restoration and phytoremediation of polluted sites.

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“…The chemical form of Hg as well as some other PTEs in aquatic systems could be strongly related to pH as the pH of aqueous samples is generally inversely related to the mobility of the contaminants and their ability to dissolve in water, i.e., the lower the pH, the higher the solubility of the contaminant [38,39]. The average pH of the selected aqueous samples (n = 57) was 8.27 (Tables S3 and S4), slightly higher than the neutral pH range (between 6 and 8).…”

Section: Sample Physicochemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in Different Environmental Media Impacted by a Former Chlor-Alkali Plant

et al. 2021

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Former industrially contaminated sites are a burden from the past that still pose environmental risks. During the second half of the 20th century, the Pavlodar region in North Kazakhstan had been a part of Soviet Union’s industrial system that operated a chlor-alkali plant (CAP). The former CAP discharged approximately 135 t Hg into nearby Lake Balkyldak with total losses to water, soil, and air estimated around 1000 t. Pollution by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) due to former and currently active industrial enterprises is an under-investigated concern in the Pavlodar region. The present study aims to provide a much-needed update on the situation around the CAP area by evaluating the contamination by Hg and other selected PTEs (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Zn) on the surrounding environment of the CAP and in the nearby urban zone. Soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater samples have been collected in several sampling campaigns carried out in 2018 and 2019. Several samples had Hg concentrations exceeding maximum permissible concentrations (MPC), for soils and sediments (in mg/kg; range: 0.0006 to 24, average: 0.56) and for surface water and groundwater (in µg/L; range: 0.004 to 1340, average: 93). Critically high concentrations were mostly measured in the vicinity of Lake Balkyldak, where the majority of Hg had been discharged by the former CAP, indicating persisting Hg pollution in the studied zone. A comparison of the PTEs concentrations in soil and sediments showed less severe pollution but still some elevated values for As, Ba, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Se. The inter-elemental relationship between Hg and assessed PTEs was weak, indicating the presence of sources independent from Hg emitting sources. Further research on Hg contamination on the exact territory of the former CAP is needed, and a detailed human health risk characterization to identify potential unacceptable risks is strongly recommended.

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Monitoring and assessment of mercury pollution in the vicinity of a chloralkali plant I. Distribution, availability and genotoxicity of sediment mercury in the Rushikulya estuary, India

Cited by 24 publications

References 16 publications

Evaluation of genotoxicity of coal fly ash in Allium cepa root cells by combining comet assay with the Allium test

Evaluation of genotoxicity of coal fly ash in Allium cepa root cells by combining comet assay with the Allium test

Technical Note: Vetiver Can Grow on Coal Fly Ash Without DNA Damage

Assessment of Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in Different Environmental Media Impacted by a Former Chlor-Alkali Plant

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