Monitoring and evaluation of cracked beams based on nonlinear wave modulation

Masuda, Arata; Shinagawa, Tomohiro; Maekawa, Satoshi; Kinugawa, Yohei; Iba, Daisuke; Sone, Akira

doi:10.1117/12.715994

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Experimental evidences have shown that this modulation is very sensitive to unexpected presence of imperfect bonding of solids, such as cracks, debonding, preload-loss in bolted joints, etc.. 2,11 Hence, the quantification of NWM, which is usually done by measuring the magnitude of the sidebands in the frequency domain, could be a sensitive measure of incipient contact-type defects. Masuda et al have presented a NWM-based structural health monitoring methodology which enables the integrity monitoring of a bolted joint 8 as well as the crack growth monitoring 10 for a beam structure. Differently from most of the previous works, the received probe waveforms have been demodulated in the time domain and examined as a potential indicator of the damage extent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and localization of contact-type damages via nonlinear impedance modulation of piezoelectric materials bonded on a beam structure

Masuda

Aoki

Iba

et al. 2010

Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems 2010

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In this paper, a nondestructive, in-service structural integrity monitoring methodology that can detect and characterize local structural damages of contact-type, i.e. damages and failures which come along with generation, growth and/or changes of contacting surfaces, such as cracks, debonding, preload-loss in bolted joints, etc., is presented. The presented monitoring system consists of piezoelectric elements bonded on the structural surface, a high-frequency harmonic voltage source, and a current detector. When the structure is subjected to a vibrational load such as operational load at low-frequencies, the scattering conditions for the high-frequency elastic waves in the vicinity of the contact-type damages will change in synchronization with the structural vibration because of the fluctuation of the contact conditions. This nonlinear effects of vibro-acoustic interaction between the low-frequency vibration and the high-frequency wave field causes the change in the driving-point impedance of the structure at the high frequency range, which leads to the significant modulation of the coupled electro-mechanical impedance (or admittance) of the piezoelectric elements. Therefore, if the piezoelectric elements are driven by a fixed amplitude high-frequency harmonic voltage source, the nonlinear fluctuation of the coupled admittance can be observed as the amplitude and phase modulation of the current flowing through the piezoelectric element. A modeling and analytical study of the nonlinear piezoelectric impedance modulation is presented for a beam structure including a crack, utilizing a linear time-varying system theory. A damage evaluation measure is presented based on the dimensionless modal stiffness fluctuation estimated from the instantaneous admittance reconstructed from the demodulated current responses. Furthermore, fundamental strategies and future directions for damage localization based on the nonlinear piezoelectric impedance modulation are briefly discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and localization of contact-type damages via nonlinear impedance modulation of piezoelectric materials bonded on a beam structure

Masuda

Aoki

Iba

et al. 2010

Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems 2010

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“…Since a solid without contact-type failures hardly shows NWM, and it can be believed that the more severe damage induces more intense NWM the intensity of the NWM can be a baseline-free measure of contact-type failures. Because both the transmitter and receiver for the probe actuation and sensing can be easily replaced by structural embeddable smart materials such as piezoelectric active sensors, NWM-based approaches have been pursued as another promising SHM method [40][41][42] for incipient damage evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear piezoelectric impedance modulation induced by a contact-type failure and its application in crack monitoring

Masuda¹,

Aoki²,

Shinagawa³

et al. 2011

Smart Mater. Struct.

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In this paper, a self-sensing, sensitive and baseline-free structural health monitoring methodology is developed, which aims to detect and characterize local structural failures of contact type, i.e. failures which arise along with the generation, growth and/or changes of imperfect solid-solid interfaces. The nonlinear piezoelectric impedance modulation (NPIM) method presented is based on the ideas of two existing damage detection principles; a piezoelectric impedance-based methodology and a nonlinear wave modulation spectroscopy. It uses a single piezoelectric active sensor bonded on the structural surface, which is driven by a high-frequency harmonic voltage source. When the structure including a contact-type failure is subjected to a low-frequency dynamic load, the induced structural vibration causes a fluctuation of the scattering conditions for the high-frequency elastic waves at the failure because of the contact acoustic nonlinearity (CAN). This nonlinear effect of vibro-acoustic interaction yields a significant fluctuation in the driving-point impedance in the high-frequency range, which may lead to a modulation of the coupled electromechanical impedance (or admittance) of the piezoelectric active sensor. Therefore, if the sensor is driven by a fixed amplitude high-frequency harmonic voltage source, modulation of the coupled admittance can be observed as the amplitude modulation and phase modulation of the current flowing through the sensor. A simplified modeling study leads to the definition of a damage evaluation index that assesses the intensity of the stiffness fluctuation caused by the CAN. Experiments using cracked beam specimens are conducted to show how the NPIM can be observed and to examine the performance of the proposed method.

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Experimental verification of a translation model of linear transfer function of ultrasonic vibrations with nonlinear wave modulation for detection of contact-type failures

Tanaka,

Tamura,

Oura

2024

Journal of Vibration and Control

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Contact-type failures, such as the crack closure at the tip of a fatigue crack, closed delamination of composite materials, and loosening of bolted joints, are difficult to detect through nondestructive inspections using linear ultrasonic waves or vibrations. When low-frequency vibrations, such as environmental disturbances, operating vibrations, and vibrations excited by actuators, are applied to a structure with contact-type failure, the contact condition of the failure surface fluctuates in synchronization with the low-frequency vibration. The amplitude and phase of ultrasonic waves or vibrations through contact-type failure with fluctuating contact conditions are modulated in synchronization with low-frequency vibrations, that is, realizing nonlinear wave modulation. Previous reports have presented evaluation and localization methods of contact-type failure using amplitude and phase demodulation signals. In this study, amplitude and phase demodulations were affected by the change in the viscous damping of a structure. Therefore, the essence of nonlinear wave modulation was considered to be the fluctuation of the natural frequencies. In this study, a visualization experiment of the fluctuation of natural frequencies caused by nonlinear wave modulation was conducted. The time-varying transfer function was reconstructed by measuring the amplitude and phase demodulation signals with the change in the excitation frequency. Moreover, the translation model of the transfer function of the ultrasonic vibration with nonlinear wave modulation was evaluated.

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Monitoring and evaluation of cracked beams based on nonlinear wave modulation

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Detection and localization of contact-type damages via nonlinear impedance modulation of piezoelectric materials bonded on a beam structure

Detection and localization of contact-type damages via nonlinear impedance modulation of piezoelectric materials bonded on a beam structure

Nonlinear piezoelectric impedance modulation induced by a contact-type failure and its application in crack monitoring

Experimental verification of a translation model of linear transfer function of ultrasonic vibrations with nonlinear wave modulation for detection of contact-type failures

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