Monitoring and health risk assessment of fluoride in drinking water of East Azerbaijan Province, Iran

Ashrafi, Seyed Davoud; Jaafari, Jalil; Sattari, Leila; Esmaeilzadeh, Nadia; Safari, Gholam Hossein

doi:10.1080/03067319.2020.1849662

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The fluoride amount in tape water source was found below the permissible limit of WHO guideline values (1.5 mg/L) [ 3 ]. The finding of fluoride amount in tap water source in this study was higher than the range value 0.18–0.65 mg/L found in East Azerbaijan, Iran [ 32 ], and 0.15 mg/L in Jimma town, Ethiopia [ 11 ]. The variation might be due to the source of raw wastewater and the treatment capability of the treatment plant [ 3 , 11 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Efficiency of Treatment Plant and Drinking Water Quality Assessment from Source to Household, Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia

Desye

Belete²,

Gebrezgi

et al. 2021

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Introduction. Access to safe drinking water is essential to health, and it is a basic human right. However, drinking water treatment plant efficiency and its water quality are not well investigated in low-income countries including Ethiopia. Methods. A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 75 water samples. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22 to generate descriptive statistics, and one-way ANOVA was used to test statistically significant difference. Results. Physicochemical qualities of the water samples from tap water sources were found to be pH (6.88 ± 0.05), turbidity (5.15 ± 0.006 NTU), electrical conductivity (170.6 ± 0.1 μS/cm), residual chlorine (0.19 ± 0.003 mg/L), and fluoride (1.17 ± 0.009 mg/L). The removal efficiency of turbidity, total hardness, and nitrate was found to be 94.4%, 52.3%, and 88.7%, respectively. Removal efficiency of the treatment plant for total coliforms up to 91.6% (15 ± 0.26 CFU/100 mL in tap water) and faecal coliforms up to 99% (1.51 ± 0.03 CFU/100 mL in tap water) was recorded. Parameters of pH, temperature, and faecal coliform were statistically significant different at p < 0.05 in tap water source. The overall efficiency of the treatment plant (68.5%) and the water quality index (76) were recorded. Conclusion. Based on the results, some of the investigated parameters of water quality (turbidity, residual chlorine, total coliform, and faecal coliform) were found to be not within the permissible limits of WHO guideline values for drinking water quality. The water quality index of the water samples was categorized under good water quality. To adequately treat drinking water and improve the treatment plant, adequate preliminary treatments like screening to reduce the incoming organic loading, proper chlorination of the drinking water system, and frequent monitoring and maintenance of the treatment plant system are required.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Efficiency of Treatment Plant and Drinking Water Quality Assessment from Source to Household, Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia

Desye

Belete²,

Gebrezgi

et al. 2021

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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“…The ndings of this study are similar to the results conducted in Mashhad, Bardaskan and East Azerbaijan [33][34][35]. However, a conducted study by Aslani et al in rural areas of Maku -Poldasht showed that the uoride concentration in drinking water in these areas was higher than WHO's recommended value [36].…”

Section: Fluoride Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Concentration, distribution and probabilistic health risk assessment of exposure to fluoride in drinking water of Hormozgan province, Iran

Mohammadpour

Tabatabaee

Dehbandi

et al. 2021

Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess

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In the present study, the health risk assessment of exposure to uoride in drinking water of southern Iran province was performed with a de nite and probabilistic approach. Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis were used for uncertainty in risk estimation. The results showed that uoride concentration ranged between 0.1-0.9 mg/l with an average of 0.454 ± 0.205 mg/l. The distribution function followed the normal distribution. The highest uoride concentration was observed in the central and northern regions of the province. Also, the lowest concentration was obtained 0.01 mg/l. In the de nitive method, the non-carcinogenic risks associated with uoride in drinking water were in acceptable range (HQ < 1). Conducting Monte Carlo simulation indicated that the potential non-carcinogenic risk for children in the 95th percentile exceeded the safe limit of 1, which showed that there were a potential noncarcinogenic in this group. Sensitivity analysis showed that uoride concentration and water consumption had the most considerable effect in the model. Therefore, consumption of water and foods containing uoride along with excessive consumption of tea may increase human's health risks. Therefore, continuous monitoring of water sources in terms of uoride concentration along with proper diet training for residents of this province should be done.

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“…Also, their widespread use as insecticides and rodenticides lasts for decades [11][12][13]. Although fluorides are essential in preventing dental decay [14][15][16][17], rising health concerns are accounted for by increased groundwater pollution and the intensive fluoridation of drinking water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterministic and probabilistic human health risk assessment for fluorides in drinking groundwater from Lukavac, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Husejnović¹,

Turkić

Halilčević

et al. 2022

Environ Anal Health Toxicol

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Although fluorides are essential for dental health, there are growing health concerns regarding the risk-benefit ratio of fluoride exposure. The objectives of the study were to obtain data on the amount and human health risks of fluoride in drinking groundwater, as well as to compare and evaluate the differences in the outputs obtained by two different approaches in health risk assessment (deterministic vs probabilistic). From a densely populated industrial area of north-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, a total of 54 groundwater samples were collected. Fluoride concentrations varied from 1.69 to 3.52 mg/L. The WHO's threshold value for fluoride in drinking water was exceeded in all the samples analysed, indicating an increased daily intake of fluoride from groundwater. Deterministic and semi-probabilistic techniques were used for exposure assessment and health risk quantification. Generally, the deterministic approach resulted in acceptable health risks in most adult exposure scenarios. However, the Monte Carlo simulation revealed that 20.6, 20.8, and 99.8% of adult males, females, and children, respectively, were above the tolerable upper intake level, indicating that both adults and children face a significant health risk. Nevertheless, small children are more vulnerable to environmental hazards than youth and adults. Hence, a more in-depth risk-benefit analysis is required to reduce/or optimize fluoride content in drinking water to prevent tooth decay and fluorosis at all ages. Considering that optimal daily intake of fluorides is a crucial factor for preserving human health, decision-makers should take steps to emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring of fluoride concentrations in drinking water.

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Monitoring and health risk assessment of fluoride in drinking water of East Azerbaijan Province, Iran

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Efficiency of Treatment Plant and Drinking Water Quality Assessment from Source to Household, Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia

Efficiency of Treatment Plant and Drinking Water Quality Assessment from Source to Household, Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia

Concentration, distribution and probabilistic health risk assessment of exposure to fluoride in drinking water of Hormozgan province, Iran

Deterministic and probabilistic human health risk assessment for fluorides in drinking groundwater from Lukavac, Bosnia and Herzegovina

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