Monitoring and Identification of Errors During Training on Navigation Simulators

Abstract

According to the international maritime accident statistics data, about half of the total number of accidents occurred are collisions, standings, or groundings. At the same time, the main causes of accidents in more than 65 percent of cases are bridge team or sole deck officer's mistakes. Statistics, based on incident investigations, is not always sufficient for retrieving objective information and designing comprehensive solutions with regard to deck officers training system adaptation and development of technical means aimed at reducing the incident rate and improving the efficiency of navigation. Classification of the most common errors made by navigators was suggested in this work among with results of navigational incidents analysis, which have occurred during carrying out of simulator training. That allows, on the one hand, to identify factors that may affect similar errors in the real situation and place appropriate emphasis on training. Two situations were identified as an incident: close quarters and collision. Close quarters was defined as a situation in which the distance between ships was less than the distance of the last moment maneuver, which was obtained based on mathematical modeling of the ship's movement, with the closest point of approach less than specified. An adaptive criterion for assessing the close quarters depending on the area of navigation, the size of the vessel, and the angle of course intersection between the own vessel and the target are proposed. The choice of the adaptive criterion is caused by the fact that when approaching in narrow waters on reciprocal or coinciding courses it may be difficult and due to the limitations of the available navigational space is not always possible to maintain a large distance between vessels. On the other hand, if the water area allows vessels to approach at angles close to perpendicular, the navigators must maintain a certain margin at a distance to leave room for maneuver. The results of the data analysis obtained during the training showed that the most common errors were related to the maneuvering of the vessel, which is somewhat different from statistics of real collisions, where the main reasons are insufficient or no observation and incorrect assessment of the situation. The latter is caused by the fact that the driver focuses on the task and apriori monitors the targets.

Practical Features of Ecdis Safety Depth Calculation

“…Аналіз даних, отриманих в процесі навчання на тренажері ЕКНІС "Transas Navi-Sailor 4000" груп судноводіїв, безпосередньо залучених у процес планування маршруту судна (капітан, навігаційний помічник), показав наявність систематичних помилок при оцінці безпеки маршруту, які можуть привести до посадки на мілину судна в реальних умовах (рис 1.). Аналіз помилок, які припускаються судноводіями різних посад і з різним досвідом роботи, відображений в роботах [2,14], збігається з висновками робіт [5,10,13]. Водночас судноводії найчастіше або не бачать небезпеки, або неправильно її інтерпретують, або допускають помилки при перевірці безпеки маршруту переходу.…”